Effect of fermentation on biological functionality of cookies from fermented whole grain sorghum

Abstract

This study aimed to obtain sorghum doughs subjected to two fermentation processes (backslopping and spontaneous fermentation techniques) with enhanced biological properties and to assess their influence on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and Ferulic Acid (FA) of cookies formulated from fermented sorghum doughs. The best contents of Total Phenols (TP) (µgGAE/g) were 700.9 ± 7.6/36 h and 484.3 ± 6.1/48 h in sorghum doughs fermented by the backslopping and spontaneous fermentation techniques, respectively. The FA values (µg/g) in sorghum doughs fermented by backslopping techniques were significantly higher than those in spontaneous fermentation (21.2 ± 0.27/20 h versus 18.14 ± 0.12/12 h). Cookies formulated from selected sorghum-fermented doughs showed higher bioaccessibility of TP and FA than cookies formulated from nonfermented doughs. High bioaccessibility values for TP were found in cookie digests formulated from sorghum doughs fermented by backslopping and spontaneous processes at 36 h and 12 h, respectively. In contrast, high bioaccessibility values for FA were found in cookie digests formulated from sorghum doughs fermented by backslopping and spontaneous processes at 20 h and 48 h, respectively. The formulation of cookies with fermented sorghum doughs could be a suitable methodology for the prevention of several chronic nontransmissible diseases.