Effect of ferrocene on the carbonization of poly(vinylidene chloride)

Ozaki, Jun‐ichi; Watanabe, Tatsuya; Nishiyama, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.1021/j100109a024

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Comparing our present results with previous results on N 4 -M catalysts, we tentatively conclude that the activity observed in the present study is due to the nature of the shell-like carbons. We are undertaking further work to understand the essence of the nature of the shell-like carbons.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Structures, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction activities of carbons derived from ferrocene-poly(furfuryl alcohol) mixtures

Ozaki¹,

Nozawa²,

Yamada³

et al. 2005

J Appl Electrochem

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The structure, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction abilities of carbons prepared by the carbonization of mixtures of ferrocene and poly(furfuryl alcohol) were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed that the carbons thus prepared consisted of two components; amorphous and turbostratic shell-like components. The fraction, f sharp , obtained by the analysis of the (002) peak in XRD was found to be a parameter that represented the degree of formation of the shell-like components. The formation of the shell-like components induced an increase in the mesopore volumes. Electrical conductivity increased exponentially with f sharp , which indicated that the conduction process was governed by a percolation process of the conductive shell-like components. The amount of CO-desorption by O 2 -TPD technique showed a maximum desorption at f sharp =0.3, and the further development in the sharp component led to a decrease in the CO-desorption. Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy technique revealed the presence of a-Fe, c-Fe, Fe 1-x O and Fe 3 C in the prepared carbons, which were soluble species to acids. The oxygen reduction activity was studied in a oxygen saturated sulfuric acid solution by rotating disk electrode voltammetry. The oxygen reduction potential varied with f sharp ; initially it increased by f sharp =0.3 and then it decreased at higher f sharp values. This behavior was similar to that of CO-desorption, which meant the presence of an adequate degree of the development of the shell-like structure for maximizing oxygen adsorption. Removal of the surface metal component from the carbons by acidwashing resulted in no decrease in the oxygen reduction activities of the carbons. The nature of the active sites on the carbon materials is discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…For this purpose, we have utilized the catalytic effects of heteroatoms toward the carbonization [4][5][6]. Transition metals such as iron, nickel and cobalt are known to be active for carbon gasification [7], carbon deposition [8], and catalytic graphitization [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction activities of carbons derived from ferrocene-poly(furfuryl alcohol) mixtures

Ozaki¹,

Nozawa²,

Yamada³

et al. 2005

J Appl Electrochem

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“…In a similar study, a partial reduction was observed at the surface of Fe(III) 2 O 3 nanoparticles at high soot concentrations in an ethylene–air diffusion flame seeded with iron pentacarbonyl and acetylene [56]. Other similar studies prepared carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles and observed different states of iron within the carbon matrix [57,58]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Paramagnetic centers in particulate formed from the oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene in the presence of Fe(III)2O3 nanoparticles

Herring¹,

Khachatryan²,

Lomnicki³

et al. 2013

Combustion and Flame

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The identity of radical species associated with particulate formed from the oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) was investigated using low temperature matrix isolation electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (LTMI-EPR), a specialized technique that provided a method of sampling and analysis of the gas-phase paramagnetic components. A superimposed EPR signal was identified to be a mixture of organic radicals (carbon and oxygen-centered) and soot. The carbon-centered radicals were identified as a mixture of the resonance-stabilized indenyl, cyclopentadienyl, and naphthalene 1-methylene radicals through the theoretical simulation of the radical’s hyperfine structure. Formation of these radical species was promoted by the addition of Fe(III)2O3 nanoparticles. Enhanced formation of resonance stabilized radicals from the addition of Fe(III)2O3 nanoparticles can account for the observed increased sooting tendency associated with Fe(III)2O3 nanoparticle addition.

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“…The important electrochemical, photochemical and photophysical properties of the material have been recognized [2][3][4][5] . This material has been used (i) efficiently as mediators in various electron transfer processes 2 , (ii) in the development of biosensors 2 and (iii) for the synthesis 6 of new materials of higher electrical conductivity from poly (vinylidine chloride). Recent studies on the semi-and photoconductivity of this material under various experimental conditions have shown very interesting results [7][8][9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge-transfer spectra of ferrocene in halocarbon solvents under photoexcitation

Thander

Mallik

2000

J Chem Sci

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The changes in the electronic absorption spectra of ferrocene in the halocarbon solvents chloroform and carbontetrachloride have been investigated under photoexcitation in nitrogen atmosphere. Photoexcitations have been made with monochromatic light (using an Xe-source and a monochromator), at intervals of a few nanometers in the spectral range 220-750 nm. Analysing the spectra by a modified method the position of the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) band has been located for both the solvents. The position of the CTTS band in the case of carbontetrachloride solution located (320 nm) by the present study is different from the previously reported value (307 nm), while from the previous studies the position of the CTTS band in the case of the spectra of ferrocene in chloroform was not clear. From the present investigation, the changes in spectra after photoexcitation studied as a function, the concentration of ferrocene in the solution and the time (duration) of photoexcitations, have been observed to be systematic. Using the position of the new band (320 nm) for the CTTS transition in the case of carbontetrachloride, ionization potential of ferrocene has been estimated and the estimated value has shown excellent agreement with the experimental value indicating the exactness of the newly located CTTS band position.

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Effect of ferrocene on the carbonization of poly(vinylidene chloride)

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Structures, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction activities of carbons derived from ferrocene-poly(furfuryl alcohol) mixtures

Structures, physicochemical properties and oxygen reduction activities of carbons derived from ferrocene-poly(furfuryl alcohol) mixtures

Paramagnetic centers in particulate formed from the oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene in the presence of Fe(III)2O3 nanoparticles

Charge-transfer spectra of ferrocene in halocarbon solvents under photoexcitation

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