Effect of filler surface functionalization on the performance of Nafion/Titanium oxide composite membranes

Investigation and optimization of physicochemical properties of sulfated zirconia/sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) nanocomposite membranes for medium temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

“…[29,30]. Some examples of surface modified inorganic fillers that introduced to polymer membranes are silica sulfuric acid [29,31], phosphorylated silica [32], sulfated titania [33], phenylsulfonic titania [34], organically functionalized titania [35,36], sulfated zirconia supported Pt catalyst [37], sulfated zirconia [38e41] and etc.…”

The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the properties of sulfonated block copolymers

“…The most common inorganic additives are metal oxides (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 ). These fillers have been applied in the modification of materials from the state‐of‐the‐art PEM, the perfluorinated sulfonated Nafion ® , to many other PEMs with unique chemical functionalities and morphologies (e.g., PEEK, poly ether sulfone etc.) with different and unique results, based on chemical interactions and changes in the resulting morphology of the ionic polymers (ionomers).…”

β-Cyclodextrin modified silica nanoparticles for Nafion based proton exchange membranes with significantly enhanced transport properties

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Among FCs, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) have become a hot research area in recent years because of their distinctive advantages, such as plentiful fuel sources, competitive price, convenient manipulation, etc. 8,9 However, under harsh conditions such as high temperature and low relative humidity (RH), its poor water retention capability leads to such a dramatic reduction in water content that its proton conductivity presents an obvious decline. On account of its distinctive advantages such as high mechanical strength, chemical resistivity and proton conductivity, Naon is one of the most widely applied PEM materials.…”