Effect of Fish Poisons on Water Supplies Part 1. Removal of Toxic Materials

Abstract

This is the first of three articles on the effect of fish poisons on water supplies. Parts 2 and 3, to be published in later issues of the Journal, will deal with odor problems and a field study, respectively. This article discusses the removal of toxic materials from the water supply source, particularly related to fish management practices. Managers of fisheries sometimes find it necessary to remove an entire fish population from a body of water to eliminate stunted populations or coarse fish, and to enable restocking with fry or fingerlings of suitable species for recreational sport fishing. Much work has been done on the development of suitable piscicides. Cost, ease of application, safety, and effectiveness in destroying fish populations are the major considerations in the selection of a compound. The deliberate addition of a fish toxicant to a water supply source requires careful appraisal of its effect on water quality and safety, including the following: toxicity of active agents to humans, other mammals, and to fish in household aquariums; effects of fish poison formulations and components on water treatment processes and, conversely, the effects of treatment on these compounds; tastes and odors produced by the components of the formulations; and, effects on water quality that may result from decomposing fish. Activated carbon treatment is discussed as far as its effectiveness in removing small amounts of organic material, along with the effectiveness of chlorine in removing known amounts of fish poisons, and the use of chlorine dioxide for removing taste and odor problems.

Water Pollution by Insecticides in an Agricultural River .Basin. I. Occurrence of Insecticides in River and Treated Municipal Water

“…Sladc (1945) noted the following solubilities in water at 20C for the various isomers of BHC: 10 ppm for the alpha, gamma, and delta isomers, and 5 ppm for the beta isomer. The solubility of toxaphene in water at 25C is 0.4 ppm (Cohen et al 1960). The quantities of toxaphene and BHC recovered from the stream, even when corrected for losses associated with the sampling method, are well within the range of solubility.…”

“…Prior to the spring of 1962, the treatment consisted of lime-alum coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chlorination, and pH adjustment, Later, activated carbon treatment was added, but this, at the carbon levels used ( unknown), also failed to remove the trace amounts of insccticidcs. Cohen et al ( 1960), simulating municipal water treatment in the laboratory, found that alum coagulation and chlorination did not reduce the toxaphene content of water. Reductions ranging from 40 to 95,% were obtained in water containing 0.3 ppm toxaphene when treated with from 1 to 9 ppm of carbon, but this concentration of toxaphene greatly exceeded those found at IIartselle.…”

Residue Reviews

“…;14,46;15,36;18,61,136,137,140,141,143;19,17,91,92 Cauliflower 11,91;12,72,99;17 Celery 12,72,75,76,99;16,35 Celite 14,4;16,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]17,41,47,50,52,53 CeIl division 12,126 CeIlulose 14,42;16,18,19;17,2,20;18,123 Centrifugal sugar 15, 1 CEPC water solubility 20, 97 Cereal products 17, 76 Cereals (see also specific cereals) 12, 73, 133; 16, 33, 34, 38; 17, 74, 106 ff., 143, 146 -phosphine 12,…”

“…Aldrin 11,Ill,[113][114][115]142;13,10;14,4,14,16;IS,33,37,81,84,87,90,[92][93][94][95]16,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15]18,[36][37][38][39][40]42,89,[91][92][93][94]17,40,47,SO,51,55,144,147;18,39,46,48,61,62,69,70,181,187,…”

“…II est en outre recommandable que des donnees nouvelles ou revisees-la temperature, des details d'une methode analytique acceptable et la purete du produit chimique indus-sont soumises it l'editeur du "Residue Reviews" afin qu'elles puissent etre induses dans une revision subsequente de cette collation potentiellement tres utile. Aldrin 11,Ill,[113][114][115]142;13,10;14,4,14,16;IS,33,37,81,84,87,90,[92][93][94][95]16,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15]18,[36][37][38][39][40]42,89,[91][92][93][94]17,40,47,SO,51,55,144,147;18,39,46,48,61,…”