Effect of food contamination and collection material in the measurement of biomarkers in saliva of horses

Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores; Hevia, M.; Escribano, Damián; Lamy, Elsa; Tecles, Fernando; Cerón, José J.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.01.006

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, there were no significant changes in the external temperature or humidity between the days sampled during each season, and the external temperature did not exceed the thermal discomfort index [18,21] in any of the seasons. Moreover, samples were obtained after cleaning each horse's mouth to avoid interference with food, as previously reported [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saliva samples were collected with a sponge (Esponja Marina, La Griega E. Koronis, Madrid, Spain) as described in Contreras-Aguilar et al, [20] during the 1 min after each horse's mouth was washed by a manual suction pump, commonly employed in nasogastric intubation (Maxi Drencher 300 mL with a feeding cannula 20 cm, ASTRO S.r.l., RE, Italy). This washing procedure was carried out in order to avoid interference in salivary analyte determination due to food contamination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This washing procedure was carried out in order to avoid interference in salivary analyte determination due to food contamination. This collection technique is recommended to collect clean samples from horses [20]. The sampling of all the horses at each time point lasted for an average of 25 (±5.3) min from the saliva collection of the first to the fifth mare.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sponges were then placed in collection devices (Salivette, Sarstedt, Aktiengesellschaft and Co., Nümbrecht, Germany) and kept refrigerated on ice until arrival at the laboratory (less than 40 min). Once within the laboratory, the samples were processed to obtain saliva specimens, as previously reported [20]. Then, the saliva samples were stored at −80 • C until analysis (less than one month).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Salivary Analytes of Horses Due to Circadian Rhythm and Season: A Pilot Study

Contreras-Aguilar

Lamy

Escribano

et al. 2020

Animals

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This study aims to evaluate the circadian and circannual variations in a panel of analytes in horse saliva that have been previously described as biomarkers related to stress and disease, in order to interpret them correctly when they are measured in this species. This panel of analytes integrated cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), lipase (Lip), total esterase (TEA), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), adenosine deaminase (ADA), γ-glutamyl transferase (gGT), creatine kinase (CK), urea, total bilirubin, total protein (TP), and phosphorus. These analytes were measured in saliva obtained from a population of five clinically healthy mares from 06:30 to 20:30, every 2 h over two consecutive days in two different photoperiod seasons, winter and spring. The temperature and relative humidity did not change between the two consecutive days sampled in each sampled season, and no thermal discomfort was observed. Changes throughout the course of the day were observed for cortisol, sAA, TEA, BChE, ADA, and CK. However, a circadian pattern was only observed for cortisol, TEA, BChE, ADA, and CK. Moreover, the values obtained for sAA, Lip, and BChE were significantly different between seasons, with different daily rhythms for cortisol, TEA, BChE, and ADA depending on the season. In conclusion, this pilot study indicates that the time of the day and the season influence salivary analytes in horses, showing a rhythmic pattern for cortisol, TEA, BChE, ADA, and CK. These factors should thus be taken into consideration for the interpretation of analytes in horse saliva.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Salivary Analytes of Horses Due to Circadian Rhythm and Season: A Pilot Study

Contreras-Aguilar

Lamy

Escribano

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…No signi cant differences (p > 0.05) were found between the different samples (MM et al 2019, unpublished data). A recent study also showed that food contamination did not alter SC levels signi cantly [60].…”

Section: Volume and Food Contamination In Sc Determinationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Salivary Cortisol and Infrared Thermographic Ocular Temperature Use as Biomarkers during Endurance Competitions

Mira¹,

Lamy²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective quantification of effort and distress during endurance rides through biomarkers could help manage competitions more effectively and monitor horse welfare through an evidence-based approach. This study aimed to determine if salivary cortisol (SC) and ocular temperature measured by infrared thermography (IRTOT) are related to the outcome in endurance competitions. Saliva was collected and IRTOT measured from 61 and 14 horses, respectively, competing at qualifier 40km and 80km rides at Pre-Inspection (PI) and Vet Gates (VG). The variation of the baseline SC at the PI (median±IQR=0.27ng/dl±0.36) into VG1 was abrupt (93-256% rise) and in the next VGs either decreased or rose at a very modest level. Less experienced horses in the 40km ride showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher IRTOT (median±IQR=35.7ºC±1.4) at the PI, than their counterparts in the 80Km ride (median±IQR=35. ºC ±1.5). Horses classifying in the Top5, in the 40 km ride category had significantly (p=0.05) higher SC levels (median±IQR=0.90ng/ml ±0.61) at the PI, than horses positioned from 10th position on (median±IQR = 0.16ng/ml ±0.40). A lower IRTOT in the PI was correlated with a better placement (p>0.05) and those in the Top5 (median±IQR = 33.9ºC ±0.0) had a higher variation (+10.65%) into the last VG. A 62% predictive value for elimination (80% sensibility and 82% specificity) where SC is higher than 0.23ng/ml is advanced. SC and IRTOT can be potentially used in association to characterise physical effort and emotional stress in endurance competitions, but its significance to performance has to be put in context with the competition level.

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Changes in saliva biomarkers during a standardized increasing intensity field exercise test in endurance horses

Contreras-Aguilar

Cerón

Muñoz

et al. 2021

Animal

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Effect of food contamination and collection material in the measurement of biomarkers in saliva of horses

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Changes in Salivary Analytes of Horses Due to Circadian Rhythm and Season: A Pilot Study

Changes in Salivary Analytes of Horses Due to Circadian Rhythm and Season: A Pilot Study

Salivary Cortisol and Infrared Thermographic Ocular Temperature Use as Biomarkers during Endurance Competitions

Changes in saliva biomarkers during a standardized increasing intensity field exercise test in endurance horses

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