Effect of four antibiotic additives on the<i>Salmonella</i>contamination of chicks protected by an adult caecal flora

Humbert, F.; Lalande, Françoise; L'Hospitalier, Rolande; Salvat, Gilles; Bennejean, G.

doi:10.1080/03079459108418797

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The number of E. faecalis strains, however, was dramatically decreased (219). Bambermycin in the feed did not affect intestinal Salmonella colonization in experimentally infected chickens (97,116). This was in contrast to a recent study that reported reduced shedding of Salmonella in chickens (35) and other studies of calves and swine (67,199).…”

Section: Bambermycincontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Bacitracin increases the colonization of S. enterica serotype Enteriditis in the ceca of chickens (150). Surprisingly, in combination with a competitive exclusion flora (cecal contents of healthy adult chickens or mixtures of bacteria cultured from ceca, sprayed over 1-day-old chickens to establish a stable intestinal flora), protection against S. enterica serotype Typhimurium infection was observed (116). On the other hand, colonization of serotype Infantis seemed to be inhibited by the administration of zinc bacitracin (164).…”

Section: Bacitracinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No effects on the shedding of Salmonella in chickens or swine were noted (7,8,195). However, in combination with a competitive exclusion flora (a preparation based on whole cecal contents of healthy chickens), virginiamycin was shown to protect chickens against an S. enterica serotype Typhimurium infection (116).…”

Section: Or the Vga(b) Gene (14) In Staphylococci The Vga(a) Gene Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

2003

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There are not many data available on antibiotics used solely in animals and almost exclusively for growth promotion. These products include bambermycin, avilamycin, efrotomycin, and the ionophore antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, narasin, and lasalocid). Information is also scarce for bacitracin used only marginally in human and veterinary medicine and for streptogramin antibiotics. The mechanisms of action of and resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics are described. Special emphasis is given to the prevalence of resistance among gram-positive bacteria isolated from animals and humans. Since no susceptibility breakpoints are available for most of the antibiotics discussed, an alternative approach to the interpretation of MICs is presented. Also, some pharmacokinetic data and information on the influence of these products on the intestinal flora are presented

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Section: Bambermycincontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Bacitracinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Or the Vga(b) Gene (14) In Staphylococci The Vga(a) Gene Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

2003

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“…In studies with pigs and calves, the duration of excretion and the numbers of salmonellae excreted were reduced (13)(14)(15), but in other studies using chickens, a decrease (5), no effect (23,28), or a slight increase in excretion (44) was observed. Flavophospholipol has been shown to reduce the numbers of C. perfringens cells in the fecal flora of chickens despite the organism's lack of susceptibility in vitro (5,51).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Flavophospholipol on Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococci of Fattening P

Bogaard

Hazen

Hoyer³

et al. 2002

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A "plasmid-curing effect" of multiresistant Escherichia coli by flavophospholipol, an antibiotic used as an antimicrobial growth promoter (AMGP) in animal feeds, has been reported to occur in vitro and in vivo under experimental conditions. In this study, the effect of flavophospholipol under field conditions was studied. The prevalence and degree (proportion of resistant strains to the total numbers present per gram of feces) of resistance of indicator bacteria, E. coli and enterococci, was determined in fecal samples from three groups of pigs that were fed a commercial finisher feed without any AMGP. Group A was the negative control group without any AMGP, group B received the same feed with 9 mg of flavophospholipol/kg of feed (study group), and group C received the same feed with 15 mg of avoparcin/kg (positive control). Fecal samples from each pig were collected at the start and at the end of the study and assessed for the prevalence and degree of resistance against antibiotics commonly used either for therapy in pig medicine or as an AMGP. Before the start of the study, all pigs were colonized with multiresistant E. coli by mixing three resistant pig isolates through their feed after disturbance of the colonization resistance of the intestinal flora by a 3-day course of lincomycin and spectinomycin. At the end of the study, the overall prevalence and degree of resistance of E. coli in the fecal flora had increased significantly in groups A and C but remained at the same level as at the start of the study in group B. The prevalence of vancomycin resistance was 44 and 41% in groups A and B, respectively, but only very low numbers of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) per gram of feces were found. In the avoparcinfed group, the prevalence was 72%, and in 57% of the samples, more than 50% of all enterococci present were vancomycin resistant. The prevalence of resistant Enterococcus faecalis increased only in the flavophospholipolexposed group, from 23% before the start of the study to 43% at the end of the study. It was concluded that flavophospholipol effectively suppressed the augmentation and dissemination of multiresistant E. coli in the intestinal flora of fattening pigs. Avoparcin use strongly selected for VRE carriage and excretion. Therefore, as neither flavophospholipol nor any related molecule is used therapeutically, no cross-resistance with therapeutic antibiotics exists and no transmissible resistance has been shown; the major decrease in resistance in intestinal E. coli of flavophospholipol-fed animals seemed to outweigh the small increase in the risk of transfer of flavophospholipol-resistant E. faecalis from animals to humans via the food chain.The most effective way to decrease the prevalence and degree of resistance in fecal indicator bacteria is to reduce the amount of antibiotics used in a population. In food animals, antibiotics are not only used for therapy and prevention of bacterial infections but are also added continuously to animal feeds as antimicrobial growth promoters (AMGP) t...

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“…It inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan polymerases through impairment of the trans-glycolase activities of penicillin-binding proteins ( Van et al, 1987). Flavomycin enhances the normal avian gut flora instead of disrupting it (Humbert et al, 1991;Manning et al, 1994). Its supplementation in broiler diets has been shown to improve weight gain and feed conversion without altering the predominant species of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract (Evangelisti et al, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Flavomycin, <i>Bacillus licheniformis </i>and Enramycin on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gut Morphology and the Intestinal Microflora of Broilers

Wang

Shi

et al. 2016

Jpn. Poult. Sci.

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The effects of Flavomycin, Bacillus licheniformis and Enramycin on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, gut morphology and the intestinal microflora were studied in a 42-d experiment. A total of 288, one-day-old, male, Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 12 pens per treatment and 6 birds per pen. The treatments were comprised of a control diet without supplementation, a diet supplemented with 5 ppm Flavomycin, a diet supplemented with the combination of 5 ppm Flavomycin and 1.35×10 9 CFU/kg Bacillus licheniformis, as well as a diet supplemented with 5 ppm Enramycin. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds fed the diet with Flavomycin combined with Bacillus licheniformis and the Enramycin diet were improved (P＜0.05) compared with the control diet. The digestibility of dry matter, energy, and calcium for birds fed the combination of Flavomycin and Bacillus licheniformis and the Enramycin diet were also enhanced compared with the control diet. All additives improved the villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum on d 21. In addition, reduced numbers of cecal E. coli (P＜0.01) were found in birds fed all three supplemented diets on d 42. In conclusion, supplementation with Flavomycin and Bacillus licheniformis in combination or Enramycin would appear to be superior to supplementation with Flavomycin alone. All three supplemented diets were superior to the control.

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Effect of four antibiotic additives on theSalmonellacontamination of chicks protected by an adult caecal flora

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria

Effects of Flavophospholipol on Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli and Enterococci of Fattening P

Effects of Flavomycin, <i>Bacillus licheniformis </i>and Enramycin on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Gut Morphology and the Intestinal Microflora of Broilers

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