Effect of Galactooligosaccharides on Calcium Absorption and Preventing Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats

Chonan, Osamu; Matsumoto, Kunihiro; Watanuki, Masaaki

doi:10.1271/bbb.59.236

Cited by 148 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For details of diet, see Table 1 in the large intestine. Also, GOS-feeding increased the absorption of the minerals 4,5,6 . Chonan and Watanuki 4,5,6 showed the stimulating effects of GOS on calcium absorption may be partly associated with increased solubility of calcium and the fluid content in the intestinal lumen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Also, GOS-feeding increased the absorption of the minerals 4,5,6 . Chonan and Watanuki 4,5,6 showed the stimulating effects of GOS on calcium absorption may be partly associated with increased solubility of calcium and the fluid content in the intestinal lumen. In the present study, partially gastrectomy caused anemia, induced by reduced iron absorption could be partially prevented by the inclusion of GOS + PDX in the diet (Figures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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A ingestão de prébioticos previne a malabsorção de ferro e anemia induzidas pela gastrectomia?: Estudo experimental em ratos

Santos¹,

Tsuboi²,

Araújo³

et al. 2011

ABCD, arq. bras. cir. dig.

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headings -Prebiotics. Gastrectomy. Iron. Anemia. Rats.abstRact -Background -The ingestion of two prebiotics, galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX), leads to an increase in iron absorption and promotes recovery from anemia in gastrectomized rats. Aim -To study whether GOS + PDX stimulate iron absorption in gastrectomized and normals rats. Methods -Rats were laparotomized (sham-operated control) and partially gastrectomized (Billroth II) in groups of 20 each. Animals from both treatments were subsequently fed a control diet (AIN-93M) or the same diet supplemented with GOS and PDX (25 g/Kg of diet each) for eight weeks. They were divided into four subgroups, i.e., sham-operated and gastrectomized without GOS + PDX, sham-operated and gastrectomized with GOS + PDX. Two rats died during the experiment. All gastrectomized rats received an intramuscular injection of vitamin B-12 every two weeks. Hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin concentration (HGB) were measured at the start and on day 30 and 56 days after the start of feeding. On the final day of the study, total blood was collected for determination of serum iron concentration. Results -In the diet with GOS + PDX, iron excretion in feces was significantly lower than without the prebiotics. Apparent iron absorption and serum iron was higher in the GOS + PDX fed groups (both sham operated and gastrectomized) than in the non-GOS + PDX fed groups. The HCT and HGB concentrations were significantly lower in gastrectomized rats than in the control group, however, GOS + PDX feeding improved HGB levels in this group. ConclusionThe association of the GOS + PDX increase absorption of iron in sham-operated and gastrectomized rats and still prevent postgastrectomy anemia.Resumo -Racional -Ratos gastrectomizados desenvolvem anemia, e a ingestão de galactooligossacarídeo (GOS) e a polidextrose (PDX) aumenta a absorção de ferro e promove a recuperação da anemia em ratos com deficiência de ferro. Objetivo -Avaliar se GOS e PDX estimulam a absorção de ferro em ratos gastrectomizados e normais. Métodos -Os ratos foram laparotomizadas (controle falso-operado) e parcialmente gastrectomizados (Billroth II) em grupos de 20 animais. Os animais de ambos os tratamentos foram posteriormente submetidos à dieta controle (AIN-93M) ou a mesma dieta suplementada com GOS e PDX (25 g/kg de dieta cada) durante oito semanas e divididos em quatro subgrupos: sham-operados e gastrectomizados sem GOS e PDX, sham-operados e gastrectomizados com GOS e PDX. Dois animais morreram durante o experimento. Todos os ratos gastrectomizados receberam uma injeção intramuscular de vitamina B-12 a cada duas semanas. Hematócrito (HCT) e concentração de hemoglobina (HGB) foram dosados no início e nos dias 30 e 56 dias após o início da alimentação. No último dia do estudo, o sangue total foi coletado para determinação da concentração de ferro sérico. Resultados -Na dieta com GOS e PDX a excreção de ferro nas fezes foi significativamente menor do que no grupo sem prebióticos. Absorção aparente de ferro e ferro sé...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A ingestão de prébioticos previne a malabsorção de ferro e anemia induzidas pela gastrectomia?: Estudo experimental em ratos

Santos¹,

Tsuboi²,

Araújo³

et al. 2011

ABCD, arq. bras. cir. dig.

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“…Single colonies were picked and streaked on the modified GAM agar until pure cultures were obtained. S. wadsworthensis DSM 14016 T and Sutterella stercoricanis DSM 17807 T , purchased from the DSMZ, Germany, and P. excrementihominis YIT 11859 T (Nagai et al, 2009) and Sutterella parvirubra YIT 11816 T , isolated previously from human faeces, were used as reference strains.The end-products of bacterial metabolism in pre-reduced peptone-yeast extract (PY) medium (Holdeman et al, 1977) and PY medium supplemented with 1 % glucose (PYG), lactate or succinate were analysed by HPLC as described previously (Chonan et al, 1995). Cell morphology was determined by examining 4-day-old modified GAM agar cultures using phase-contrast light microscopy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The end-products of bacterial metabolism in pre-reduced peptone-yeast extract (PY) medium (Holdeman et al, 1977) and PY medium supplemented with 1 % glucose (PYG), lactate or succinate were analysed by HPLC as described previously (Chonan et al, 1995). Cell morphology was determined by examining 4-day-old modified GAM agar cultures using phase-contrast light microscopy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Parasutterella secunda sp. nov., isolated from human faeces and proposal of Sutterellaceae fam. nov. in the order Burkholderiales

Morotomi

Nagai

Watanabe

2011

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A novel, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-reaction-negative coccobacillus bacterium, designated strain YIT 12071 T , was isolated from human faeces. Biochemically, this strain was largely unreactive and asaccharolytic. Growth of this strain in peptone-yeast-extract broth was weak, producing no visible turbidity, and no short-chain fatty acids were detected as an end product of metabolism. Following 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain YIT 12071 T was found to be most closely related to Parasutterella excrementihominis (90 % sequence similarity) and phylogenetically distinct from other known genera belonging to the order Burkholderiales. Biochemical data supported the affiliation of this strain with the genus Parasutterella. Strain YIT 12071 T , therefore, represents a novel species of the genus Parasutterella, for which the name Parasutterella secunda sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIT 12071 T (5DSM 22575 T 5JCM 16078 T ). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, species of the genera Sutterella and Parasutterella form a distinct and deep evolutionary lineage of descent in the order Burkholderiales. This lineage could not be associated with any of the four known families of the order Burkholderiales. The distinct phylogenetic position and the unusual combination of chemotaxonomic characteristics shared by these genera, such as the predominant quinones and cellular fatty acid compositions, suggest that they constitute a novel family in the order Burkholderiales, for which the name Sutterellaceae fam. nov. is proposed to accommodate the genera Sutterella and Parasutterella.The human intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem containing hundreds of microbial species, a substantial proportion of which have not yet been cultured. Recent molecular ecological studies based on rRNA gene sequences have revealed that members of nine bacterial phyla were found to inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract, two of which, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are dominant (see review Rajilić-Stojanović et al., 2007). The phylum Proteobacteria is usually secondary in numbers of bacteria present and members of the classes Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, Deltaand Epsilonproteobacteria have also been identified by using molecular techniques (Eckburg et al., 2005). Species of Proteobacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae as well as some species of Proteus and Citrobacter have been identified, using conventional culture techniques, as members of the human intestinal microbiota (Finegold et al., 1974;Holdeman et al., 1976;Moore & Holdeman, 1974) and are all species belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria. The species Sutterella wadsworthensis (Wexler et al., 1996; Engberg et al., 2000), Sutterella parvirubra and Parasutterella excrementihominis ) are also present but belong to the order Burkholderiales in the class Betaproteobacteria and were isolated during the course of several intensive cultivation trials aimed at isolating so-called 'unculturable' or 'as-yet-unculture...

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“…Single colonies were picked and streaked out until single cultures were obtained on the same plate (anaerobe basal agar, pH 6.0). The end products of bacterial metabolism of glucose, lactate or succinate in pre-reduced peptone-yeast extract (PY) medium (Holdeman et al, 1977) supplemented with glucose, lactate or succinate, respectively, were analysed by HPLC according to a previously described procedure (Chonan et al, 1995). Cellular morphology was recorded after Gramstaining of 3-day-old plates or 1-day broth cultures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Parasutterella excrementihominis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Alcaligenaceae isolated from human faeces

Nagai¹,

Morotomi²,

Sakon³

et al. 2009

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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Parasutterella excrementihominis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Alcaligenaceae isolated from human faeces A novel, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative coccobacillus (strain YIT 11859 T ) was isolated from human faeces. Biochemically, this strain was largely unreactive and was asaccharolytic. Growth of strain YIT 11859 T in peptone-yeast extract broth produced no visible turbidity, and a trace amount of propionate was detected as an end product of metabolism. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain YIT 11859 T was related most closely to the type strains of Sutterella species, with 90.8-88.0 % sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis of these and other related sequences confirmed that strain YIT 11859 T was phylogenetically most closely associated with Sutterella species, but formed a separate cluster, indicating that strain YIT 11859 T represents a novel member of the family Alcaligenaceae. Fatty acid analysis demonstrated the presence of a high concentration of C 18 : 1 v9c (75 % of the total). The main respiratory quinones were menaquinone (MK-6) and methylated menaquinone (MMK-6). The G+C content of the DNA was 49.8 mol%. These results suggest that strain YIT 11859 T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Parasutterella excrementihominis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Parasutterella excrementihominis is YIT 11859 T (5DSM 21040 T 5JCM 15078 T ).By using culture-independent approaches based on smallsubunit (16S and 18S) rRNA gene sequence diversity, most bacterial phylotypes identified from the human intestinal microbiota have been assigned to seven phyla, of which members of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are dominant (Rajilić-Stojanović et al., 2007;Eckburg et al., 2005;Hayashi et al., 2002;Wang et al., 2003). The proteobacteria are usually secondary to the above, and members of the classes Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria have been identified (Eckburg et al., 2005). With conventional culture techniques, on the other hand, species of the Proteobacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and some species of Proteus and Citrobacter have been identified from the human intestinal microbiota (Finegold et al., 1974;Holdeman et al., 1976;Moore & Holdeman, 1974), and all of these species belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae, class Gammaproteobacteria, except for Sutterella parvirubra and Sutterella wadsworthensis (Wexler et al., 1996;Engberg et al., 2000), which belong to the family Alcaligenaceae, class Betaproteobacteria. This observation can be attributed, at least to some extent, to the lack of appropriate cultivation techniques.To understand better the physiological characteristics and function of the majority of the human gastrointestinal microbiota, we have performed several intensive cultivation trials aimed at isolating so-called 'unculturable' or 'asyet-uncultured' bacteria from the human gastrointestinal tr...

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Effect of Galactooligosaccharides on Calcium Absorption and Preventing Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats

Cited by 148 publications

References 8 publications

A ingestão de prébioticos previne a malabsorção de ferro e anemia induzidas pela gastrectomia?: Estudo experimental em ratos

A ingestão de prébioticos previne a malabsorção de ferro e anemia induzidas pela gastrectomia?: Estudo experimental em ratos

Parasutterella secunda sp. nov., isolated from human faeces and proposal of Sutterellaceae fam. nov. in the order Burkholderiales

Parasutterella excrementihominis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Alcaligenaceae isolated from human faeces

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