Effect of general risk on trust, satisfaction, and recommendation intention for halal food

Abstract

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the effect of general risk, a multidimensional factor, on halal customer trust, satisfaction and intention to recommend halal food. The study also calculates the mean comparison of trust, satisfaction and intention recommendation across the demographic variables of halal customers. Our results from the structural analysis revealed that general risk has significant and positive effects on trust, satisfaction, and intention to recommend halal food. In addition, the results of the mean difference test advised that satisfaction and intention to recommend halal food are significantly different between male and female customers and that trust significantly varies across halal customers with different educations and marital status backgrounds. This study added a valuable contribution to the current literature of halal food consumption by performing a set of symmetric analytical approaches to assess desired responses from halal food customers.

Perceived Inconveniences and Muslim Travelers’ Loyalty to Non-Muslim Destinations

“…The degree of the inconveniences that Muslim travelers possibly experience, particularly in non-Muslim countries, is even greater than that of other types of traveler groups [9,36]. Mostly, a non-Islamic country/destination is not well prepared for international Muslim tourists [1,9]. It is therefore likely that Muslim tourists' perceived level of inconveniences while traveling to diverse places in a non-Muslim destination (e.g., restaurants, hotels, shopping places, tourist sites) is severe, negatively influencing their overall tourist experiences in a destination [2].…”

“…The importance of travelers' perceived level of inconveniences and its significant impact on their decision formation are evident in tourism [2,35]. The degree of the inconveniences that Muslim travelers possibly experience, particularly in non-Muslim countries, is even greater than that of other types of traveler groups [9,36]. Mostly, a non-Islamic country/destination is not well prepared for international Muslim tourists [1,9].…”

“…The interviewees were Muslim visitors traveling to Korea for diverse purposes (e.g., cultural/Hallyu tourism, education tourism, medical tourism, convention/event tourism). In addition, we also conducted a relevant literature search [2,8,9,36]. This process contributed to identifying seven major items of possible inconveniences that Muslim tourists are likely to experience when traveling to non-Muslim countries (i.e., (a) halal foods, (b) halal-friendly accommodations, (c) halal facilities, (d) halal services/information, (e) halal-friendly attire, (f) halal-friendly locals and social environment, and (g) halal-friendly staff).…”

“…Hence, Islamic attributes are regarded to be major motivators of Muslim tourists' selection of a tourist destination [3]. If such Islamic attributes are not available, Muslim travelers often experience and perceive inconveniences while traveling to the tourist destination [8,9].…”

Indonesian Food Industry on Halal Supply Chains

“…So in this case to encourage and facilitate the implementation of the halal supply chain in Indonesia, it needs a strong role of the Indonesian government, in this case including preparing facilities and infrastructure in the implementation of the halal supply chain which includes logistics centers, warehousing airports, goods terminals, ports, goods terminals, warehousing and so on. Business providers and halal supply chain services require deeper insights from the attitudes and behavior of halal consumers (Al-Ansi et al, 2018).…”