Effect of glutathione supplementation on swimmers’ performance

Abstract

Background and Study Aim. Continuously increasing the volume and intensity of the training sessions often leads to overtraining. It has been demonstrated that glutathione supplementation might improve the aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle and reduce exercise-induced muscle fatigue. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of glutathione supplementation on fatigue, recovery processes, and competitive results of elite swimmers during a six-week training period.
 Material and Methods. Twenty-four elite swimmers (10 women and 14 men) from the Bulgarian national swimming team, with a mean age of 18.7±3.78 years, took part in this double-blind placebo control study. The swimmers from the experimental group were supplemented once a day with a capsule of 250mg glutathione, whilst the swimmers from the control group took a placebo once a day. The urine concentration levels of cortisol and cortisone, as well as the degree of overtraining, were evaluated on the 1st(T1), 14th(T2), 28th(T3), and 42nd(T4) days. Anthropometric measurements and a nutritional assessment were performed at T1 and T4.
 Results. The swimmers showed a gradual decrease of cortisol and cortisone during the study, with significantly lower concentrations in the experimental vs the control group at T4 (19.4 vs 42.5 ng/mL, p < 0.05). At the end of the study, the swimmers from the experimental group showed improvements in their time in 41 out of the 43 swimming events, whilst those from the control group had significantly smaller improvements (-1.66 vs -0.97%, p < 0.05).
 Conclusions. In conclusion, glutathione supplementation at a dose of 250mg/day for six weeks improves the adaptation of elite swimmers towards training schedules, which is likely to lead to better sports results.

A Narrative Review on Adipose Tissue and Overtraining: Shedding Light on the Interplay among Adipokines, Exercise and Overtraining

“…Overtrained athletes presented higher indices of lipoperoxidation, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the blood ratio of reduced vs. oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG ratio) [57]. Literature data reported that continuous submaximal training led to a decrease in GSH and an increase in GSSG, followed by a decrease in the GSH:GSSG ratio [64]. Generally, athletes who experienced OTS exhibit higher exercise-induced variations also in TBARS levels compared to well-trained ones [4].…”

Vitamin C and glutathione supplementation: a review of their additive effects on exercise performance

“…This improved muscular aerobic metabolism during exercise, consequently reducing muscle fatigue [ 66 ]. Petrov et al reported that 24 elite swimmers supplemented with 250 mg of glutathione daily during six weeks of training showed a significant decrease in swim time trials compared with the controls [ 71 ]. Owing to negative perceptions surrounding oral glutathione intake, many researchers have focused on NAC supplementation or intravenous injections as alternatives to oral glutathione administration.…”