Effect of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Properties of Sunflower Oil-Based Polyurethane Films

Abstract

Sunflower oil was used for the synthesis of a polyol via an epoxidation reaction followed by a ring-opening reaction. The successful synthesis of the sunflower oil-based polyol (SFO polyol) was demonstrated through structural characterizations and wet-chemistry analysis. Bio-based polyurethane (BPU) films were fabricated using synthesized polyol and diisocyanate. Various amounts of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were added separately to see their effect on the physicomechanical and thermal properties of BPU films. Several tests, such as thermogravimetric analysis, tensile strength, dynamic mechanical analysis, hardness, flexural strength, and the water contact angle, were performed to evaluate the effect of GO and rGO on the properties of the BPU films. Some of the analyses of the BPU films demonstrated an improvement in the mechanical properties, for example, the tensile strength increased from 22.5 to 26 MPa with the addition of only 0.05 wt.% GO. The storage modulus improved from 900 to 1000 and 1700 MPa after the addition of 0.02 and 0.05 wt.% GO, respectively. This study shows that a small amount of GO and rGO could improve the properties of BPU films, making them suitable for use in coating industries.

Combined Thermomechanical Effect of Graphene Oxide and Montmorillonite on Biobased Epoxy Network Formation for Coatings

“…The incorporation of 0.25 and 0.5% GO and GOD significantly improved the T g and the E ′ value of the ELO composite, mostly in the viscoelastic and rubbery regions, having values between 1900 and 3300 MPa at 25 °C, an increment of 2-fold as compared to the matrix. These values highlight the good reinforcing capacity of the carbonaceous structures along with a good interaction between them and the polymeric matrix. , …”

“…These values highlight the good reinforcing capacity of the carbonaceous structures along with a good interaction between them and the polymeric matrix. 34,35 The tan δ curve width is an indicator for the structural homogeneity within the epoxy networks, while the intensity of the loss factor peak conveys the chain segment mobility of a polymer network at relaxation temperature. This peak widening shows that the glass transition of nanocomposites takes place over a wide range of temperature, as similar data was also reported in the case of CNT addition to the ELO/ PANI5 matrix 35 or in the case of polyamide-6/HNT samples.…”

“…34,35 The tan δ curve width is an indicator for the structural homogeneity within the epoxy networks, while the intensity of the loss factor peak conveys the chain segment mobility of a polymer network at relaxation temperature. This peak widening shows that the glass transition of nanocomposites takes place over a wide range of temperature, as similar data was also reported in the case of CNT addition to the ELO/ PANI5 matrix 35 or in the case of polyamide-6/HNT samples. 36 The nanocomposite samples with MMT-based reinforcing agents express the most notable tan δ expanding, which is in accordance with the DSC data.…”

Polyurea/Aminopropyl Isobutyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelet Nanocomposites for Force Protection Applications

“…This capability is essential to effectively absorb and dissipate a broader spectrum of loading frequencies. Overall, the energy absorption and impact strength of polymers can be subject to the modulation induced by factors such as their chemical structure, 7 molecular weight, 8,9 and presence of organic and/or nonorganic, nanosized additives, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 10 nanosilica, 11 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), 12 graphite oxide, 13 graphene oxide (GO), 14,15 and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). 16,17 Extensive research efforts have been conducted to explore the impact of both GNPs and their derivatives on the mechanical properties of PU thanks to their outstanding intrinsic properties and more availability than other nanostructured carbon allotropes, i.e., one-dimensional nanotubes and zero-dimensional fullerenes.…”

“…This capability is essential to effectively absorb and dissipate a broader spectrum of loading frequencies. Overall, the energy absorption and impact strength of polymers can be subject to the modulation induced by factors such as their chemical structure, molecular weight, , and presence of organic and/or nonorganic, nanosized additives, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanosilica, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), graphite oxide, graphene oxide (GO), , and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). , …”