Effect of green juice and their bioactive compounds on genotoxicity induced by alkylating agents in mice

Abstract

Kale juice (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) is a reliable source of dietary carotenoids and typically contains the highest concentrations of lutein (LT) and beta-carotene (BC) among green leafy vegetables. As a result of their antioxidant properties, dietary carotenoids are postulated to decrease the risk of disease occurrence, particularly certain cancers. The present study aimed to (1) examine the genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity of natural and commercially available juices derived from Brassica oleracea and (2) assess influence of LT or BC against DNA damage induced by alkylating agents such as methyl methanesulfonate (MS) or cyclophosphamide (CP) in vivo in mice. Male Swiss mice were divided into groups of 6 animals, which were treated with water, natural, or commercial Brassica oleraceae juices (kale), LT, BC, MMS, or CP. After treatment, DNA damage was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay. Results demonstrated that none of the Brassica oleraceae juices or carotenoids produced genotoxic effects. In all examined cell types, kale juices or carotenoids inhibited DNA damage induced by MMS or CP administered either pre- or posttreatment by 50 and 20%, respectively. Under our experimental conditions, kale leaf juices alone exerted no marked genotoxic or clastogenic effects. However, a significant decrease in DNA damage induced by MMS or CP was noted. This effect was most pronounced in groups that received juices, rather than carotenoids, suggesting that the synergy among constituents present in the food matrix may be more beneficial than the action of single compounds. Data suggest that the antigenotoxic properties of kale juices may be of therapeutic importance.

Antigenotoxicity properties of Copaifera multijuga oleoresin and its chemical marker, the diterpene (−)-copalic acid

“…Epidemiological studies have shown an interactive association between dietary habits, lifestyle and genetics with the increased risk of many different chronic diseases, including cancer. The most consistent finding regarding diet as a determinant of cancer risk prevention is the relationship between consumption of vegetables and fruits and reduced risk of several types of cancers (Ben et al 2015;Fagundes et al 2017;Kok et al 2010;Oliveira De Quadros et al 2017;Venancio et al 2016). Knowledge of the relationship between diet and cancer has advanced in recent years, but much remains to be elucidated with respect to diet and dietary components in cancer prevention.…”

Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Dental Radiographic Modalities on Buccal Mucosal Cells in Children

“…26 The effects of confounding factors such as diet, exposure to cigarette smoke, place of residence, age, and occupation of the father and mother are among other parameters that may be responsible for the existing controversy in the literature. 7,[14][15][16][17]21,27 In this study, demographic information of patients was collected to control for the confounding factors as much as possible. Some previous studies assessed the effect of confounders in this respect.…”

“…27 Also, Fagundes et al evaluated the effect of beta-carotene and showed that carotenoids have protective effects and can repair the damaged DNA. 16 In such studies, since each patient serves as his/her own control, the changes after 10 days are attributed to X-ray exposure. 28 The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of other radiographic modalities have also been evaluated.…”

“…According to the factors affecting the outcome of studies, such as diet, smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke, chemicals such as insecticides, and occupation of parents, therefore considering the control group for this study may confound the results of the study. [14][15][16][17] The mucosa cytology samples were collected as follows.…”