Effect of grinding on the sub-surface and surface of electrodeposited chromium and steel substrate

Weiss, B. Z.; Lefebvre, André; Sinot, Olivier; Marquer, Mathieu; Tidu, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.04.009

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Such high hardness, combined with the stable passivation layer of chromium oxide instantly formed on the top surface, provides good tribological, anti-adhesive and anti-fretting behaviour [12]. Cracks occur when the internal tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of chromium [13]. Microcracking can be desirable in hard chrome as such deposits have a released stress, facilitating improved adhesion to the substrate.…”

Section: Electroplating Chromium From Chromic Acid Bathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative tribological coatings to electrodeposited hard chromium: a critical review

Wang

Walsh

2020

Transactions of the IMF

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The traditional importance of hard chromium electroplating in surface engineering is recognised and the key features of this well-established technology are summarised. Despite the high hardness, corrosion protection and wear resistance of chromium electrodeposits, a number of alternative coating compositions and application techniques have been developed for specific applications in tribology. Environmental challenges associated with hard chromium electroplating are highlighted and the need to develop and evaluate alternative coatings is stressed. Key examples of the alternative coatings are described, including their method of application, microstructure and tribological performance in controlled service environments. Research needs requiring rapid development are highlighted. A summary is given of the most competitive coatings and those having the potential to match the performance of hard chromium in selected applications are identified.

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Section: Electroplating Chromium From Chromic Acid Bathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative tribological coatings to electrodeposited hard chromium: a critical review

Wang

Walsh

2020

Transactions of the IMF

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“…However, many microcracks occurred on the surface of the coating, as observed in the microscopic morphology of the hook tooth surface shown in Figure 3 (a1). The analysis indicated that the existence of these microcracks was related to the inevitable internal stress generated during the electroplating and machining processes [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. After completing 133.33 ha of spindle picking in the field, the coating on the tooth tip and tooth edge exhibited a slight abrasion, as displayed in Figure 3 b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in the figure, microcracks and hole defects occurred in the chromium coating of the new spindle [ 22 ]. Through the analysis, the existence of microcracks in the chromium coating was assumed to be related to inevitable internal stress during the machining and electroplating processes [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The holes were caused by the precipitation of hydrogen at the cathode during the electroplating process, and hydrogen bubbles were formed on the surface of the coating [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Wear Behavior Analysis of Coated Spindle Hook Teeth under Real Harvesting Work Conditions

Zhang

et al. 2021

Materials

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This study aimed to investigate the wear failure changes of spindle hook teeth and the reasons for such failure during field work. Spindle samples were obtained from a fixed position of the spindle bar under different field picking area conditions and combined with the spatial distribution characteristics of cotton bolls in Xinjiang. After cutting a spindle sample, a scanning electron microscope and an energy spectrum analyzer were used to characterize the micromorphology and element composition of the hook tooth surface and cross section under different working area conditions. The wear parameters of the hook teeth were then extracted. The results showed that the thickness of the coating on the surface of the hook tooth used in this study was between 66.1 µm and 74.4 µm. The major chemical element was chromium, with a small amount of nickel. During the field picking process, failure of the coating on the surface of the hook teeth initially appeared on the tooth tip and tooth edge, and then spread to the entire hook tooth surface. The wear failure of the hook teeth resulted from abrasive wear, oxidative wear, and fatigue peeling. As the picking area increased, the wear area of the hook teeth increased exponentially, while the wear width increased linearly. When the field picking area reached 533.33 ha, the maximum change rate of the wear area was 2.33 × 103 µm2/ha, and the wear width was 1.84 µm/ha. During field work, the thickness of the coating decreased from the cutting surface to the tooth edge, and the wear rate gradually increased. The wear rate at Position 1 was the slowest, at 0.01 µm/ha, and the wear rate at Position 5 was the fastest, at 0.25 µm/ha.

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“…In doing simulation analysis of material's anisotropy, it is able to realize the grinding simulation of different directions in the same crystal plane through rotating the workpiece coordinate system in the material model setting. The indicated method of Hill model is shown in formula (17).…”

Section: Materials Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reng et al [16] built the finite element simulation of the wet grinding moment status temperature field which is based on rectangle heat source principle. Weiss et al [17] did grinding experiment for metal which was deposited Cr on the surface, observed the structure change of metallographic phase on grinding subsurface, and conducted measurement and simulation research for the temperature during the grinding process. The result indicated that the measured value of the grinding temperature is the same as the simulation value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on force and temperature characteristics of micro-grinding nickel-based single-crystal superalloy

Zhou

Gong

et al. 2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Aiming at the status of fewer researches on the anisotropy of single-crystal superalloy and micro-grinding temperature field, micro-grinding using the tool of < 1 mm in diameter to remove material is the final procedure of machining micro-parts. This paper firstly analyzes the anisotropy of surface-centered cubic structural material and establishes the theoretical model of elastic modulus and shearing modulus of single-crystal superalloy in the (001), (110) and (111) crystal plane. Afterward, it builds the three-dimensional simulation model of grinding temperature based on the Hill model, adopts any Lagrangian-Euler method to realize the simulation of micro-grinding temperature, gets the distribution of temperature field and changing situation during the micro-grinding through single-factor experiment and simulation analysis, and makes a study on the laws of different grinding depths, feeding rates, grinding velocities, different crystal planes {(001), (110) and (111)} and different crystal orientations in (001) crystal plane that affect the micro-grinding temperature, thus obtaining the crystal orientation which produces low grinding force and temperature. The result indicates that the grinding temperature increases with the increase in spindle speed, feeding rate and grinding depth; the grinding force and temperature are proportional to the elastic modulus and shearing modulus of the single-crystal material; the grinding temperature along (111) crystal plane is the highest, that of the (110) crystal plane is at the middle, and that along (001) is the lowest. When grinding in the (001) crystal plane, the normal grinding force and temperature along [110], [110] , [110] , [110] crystal orientations are the highest, and those along [100], [010], [100] , [010] crystal orientations are the lowest. And along with the aggravating of wear of abrasives on the grinding tool, the normal grinding force, tangential grinding force and grinding temperature all increase and the wear state of grinding tool can be judged online according to the signal of grinding force and temperature. These results provide an important evidence to do further research on the surface integrity of grinding single-crystal superalloy.

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Effect of grinding on the sub-surface and surface of electrodeposited chromium and steel substrate

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Alternative tribological coatings to electrodeposited hard chromium: a critical review

Alternative tribological coatings to electrodeposited hard chromium: a critical review

Experimental Wear Behavior Analysis of Coated Spindle Hook Teeth under Real Harvesting Work Conditions

Study on force and temperature characteristics of micro-grinding nickel-based single-crystal superalloy

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