Effect of groundwater springs on NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> concentrations during summer in Catskill Mountain streams

Burns, Douglas A.; Murdoch, Peter S.; Lawrence, Gregory B.; Michel, Robert L.

doi:10.1029/98wr01282

Cited by 181 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…High concentrations in upland tension lysimeters which occur only during the dormant season have not been observed at the groundwater seep. The seep remained near background levels (0.02 mg/L) throughout the growing season, unlike groundwater seeps in the Catskills Mountains in New York, USA, that showed higher summer concentrations that were linked to atmospheric deposition recharged during winter [Burns et al, 1998]. This suggests that a lagged transport of atmospheric deposition at Pond Branch (mechanism #1) is highly unlikely.…”

Section: Assessing Multiple Alternative Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mechanisms driving the seasonality of catchment scale nitrate export: Evidence for riparian ecohydrologic controls

Duncan

Band

Groffman

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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Considerable variability in the seasonal patterns of stream water nitrate (NO 2 3 ) has been observed in forested watersheds throughout the world. While many forested headwater catchments exhibit winter and early spring peaks in NO 2 3 concentrations, several watersheds have peak concentrations during the summer months. Pond Branch, a headwater catchment in Maryland monitored for over 10 years, exhibits recurrent and broad summer peaks in both NO export from June to September is particularly surprising, given that these summer months typically have the year's lowest discharge. A key challenge is identifying the source(s) of NO 2 3 and the mechanism(s) by which it is transported to the watershed outlet during the summer. In this study, we assessed multiple hypotheses (not mutually exclusive) that could account for the seasonal trend including proximal controls of groundwater-surface water interactions, instream processes, and riparian groundwater-N cycling interactions, as well as two distal controls: geochemical weathering and senescence of riparian vegetation. A combination of long-term weekly and limited duration high-frequency sensor data reveals the importance of riparian ecohydrologic processes during base flow. In this watershed, patterns of seasonal stream water NO 2 3 concentrations and fluxes depend fundamentally on interactions between groundwater dynamics and nitrogen (N) cycling in the riparian zone. Groundwater tables control nitrification-denitrification dynamics as well as hydrologic transport. Our results suggest that in many watersheds, a more sophisticated exploration of NO 2 3 production and NO 2 3 transport mechanisms is required to identify critical points in the landscape and over time that disproportionately drive patterns of watershed NO 2 3 export.

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Section: Assessing Multiple Alternative Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mechanisms driving the seasonality of catchment scale nitrate export: Evidence for riparian ecohydrologic controls

Duncan

Band

Groffman

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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“…Those studies all focused on headwater catchments and catchments that were much smaller in area (0.02-0.26 ha) than the KEW (5.99 ha). Many studies have indicated an important contribution of bedrock groundwater to storm-runoff generation [e.g., Terajima and Moroto, 1990;Wilson et al, 1993] and to base-flow discharge [e.g., Mulholland, 1993;Burns et al, 1998]. The KEW is a watershed that includes several headwater catchments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Bedrock Infiltration on a Weathered Granitic Mountain Covered by Japanese Cypress Forest using Water-Budget and Eddy Covariance Methods

Matsumoto

Kosugi

Katsuyama

et al. 2011

IJECE

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At a watershed underlain by weathered granitic bedrock (5.99 ha) and covered by Japanese cypress forest, we estimated apparent bedrock infiltration (Q B ) by extracting evapotranspiration measured by eddy covariance (E EC ) from the residual of the water budget (E WB = precipitation -runoff) over an 8-year period (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008). The degree of interannual variation in E EC was relatively small throughout this period. Conversely, E WB showed larger annual variations and positive dependence on annual precipitation. The difference between E EC and E WB was greater in the years with more precipitation. Therefore, estimated values of Q B also showed positive dependence on annual precipitation. Observed average annual precipitation, runoff, E EC , and estimated Q B were 1549, 722, 742, and 86 mm year -1 , respectively. Consequently, Q B is believed to have amounted to 0-10% (average 5%) of total precipitation. The findings suggest that episodes of rainfall with medium and high intensity induce lower and higher Q B values, respectively, with similar amounts of precipitation.

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“…Nitrate export from diffuse sources (Burns et al, 1998;Boesch et al, 2001;Rabalais, 2002;De Vries et al, 2003) is a major cause of eutrophication and episodic acidification for inland aquatic systems and coastal zones (Vitousek et al, 1997;Crimo and McDonnell, 1997;Creed and Band, 1998;Galloway et al, 2003;Meader and Goldstein, 2003;Wellington and Driscoll, 2004). Resolving nutrient leaching rates of various diffuse sources may help watershed sustainability management maintaining required water quality and maximizing agricultural activity for food production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use effect and hydrological control on nitrate yield in subtropical mountainous watersheds

Huang

Lee

Kao

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Nitrate export in small subtropical watersheds is rarely observed and the estimation of individual land use nitrate yield from a mixed combination within catchments has scarcely been studied. In this study the nitrate concentrations at 16 nested catchments in the Chi-Chia-Wan watershed in Central Taiwan were measured during [2007][2008]. A 3-layer TOPMODEL was applied to estimate daily discharge for ungauged sub-catchments. The observed nitrate concentrations and the simulated discharges were used for nitrate flux estimations through four flux methods. Meanwhile, a new deconvolution computation was developed to resolve the nitrate yield of each land use from within the mixed combinations.The results showed that the observed mean NO 3 -N concentration in relatively pristine catchments was approximately 0.145 ± 0.103 mg l −1 , which is comparable with other forestry catchments around the world. However, the higher rainfall/runoff, substantial N deposition, and other nitrogen sources resulted in significantly higher annual export of approximately 238-1018 kg-N km −2 yr −1 . Our deconvolution computation showed that the background yield of natural forestry was ∼351 ±62 kg-N km −2 yr −1 . On the other hand, the extremely high nitrate yield of active farmland was ∼308, 170 ± 19 241 kg-N km −2 yr −1 due to overfertilization. The deconvolution computation technique is capable of tracing the mixed signals at the outlet back to the nitrate productions from varied land use patterns. It advances the application of river monitoring network. The typical values of nitrate yields can serve as a guideline for land management. Comparing the nitrogen input and output, we found some nitrogen missing in the cycling which may indicate certain removal processes and we therefore suggest further study to be carried out to fully understand nitrogen cycling in subtropics.

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Effect of groundwater springs on NO₃⁻ concentrations during summer in Catskill Mountain streams

Cited by 181 publications

References 38 publications

Mechanisms driving the seasonality of catchment scale nitrate export: Evidence for riparian ecohydrologic controls

Mechanisms driving the seasonality of catchment scale nitrate export: Evidence for riparian ecohydrologic controls

Estimation of Bedrock Infiltration on a Weathered Granitic Mountain Covered by Japanese Cypress Forest using Water-Budget and Eddy Covariance Methods

Land use effect and hydrological control on nitrate yield in subtropical mountainous watersheds

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Effect of groundwater springs on NO3− concentrations during summer in Catskill Mountain streams

Cited by 181 publications

References 38 publications

Mechanisms driving the seasonality of catchment scale nitrate export: Evidence for riparian ecohydrologic controls

Mechanisms driving the seasonality of catchment scale nitrate export: Evidence for riparian ecohydrologic controls

Estimation of Bedrock Infiltration on a Weathered Granitic Mountain Covered by Japanese Cypress Forest using Water-Budget and Eddy Covariance Methods

Land use effect and hydrological control on nitrate yield in subtropical mountainous watersheds

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Effect of groundwater springs on NO₃⁻ concentrations during summer in Catskill Mountain streams