2016
DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_466
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Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior

Abstract: Because of the ethical and regulatory hurdles associated with human studies, much of what is known about the psychopharmacology of hallucinogens has been derived from animal models. However, developing reliable animal models has proven to be a challenging task due to the complexity and variability of hallucinogen effects in humans. This chapter focuses on three animal models that are frequently used to test the effects of hallucinogens on unconditioned behavior: head twitch response (HTR), prepulse inhibition … Show more

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Cited by 82 publications
(87 citation statements)
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References 255 publications
(399 reference statements)
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“…The head twitch response (HTR) is a rapid paroxysmal head movement induced by serotonergic hallucinogens in rats and mice via 5‐HT 2A receptor activation . Using this assay, it is possible to distinguish between hallucinogenic and non‐hallucinogenic 5‐HT 2A receptor agonists .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The head twitch response (HTR) is a rapid paroxysmal head movement induced by serotonergic hallucinogens in rats and mice via 5‐HT 2A receptor activation . Using this assay, it is possible to distinguish between hallucinogenic and non‐hallucinogenic 5‐HT 2A receptor agonists .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…12 The head twitch response (HTR) is a rapid paroxysmal head movement induced by serotonergic hallucinogens in rats and mice via 5-HT 2A receptor activation. [19][20][21] Using this assay, it is possible to distinguish between hallucinogenic and non-hallucinogenic 5-HT 2A receptor agonists. 21,22 Furthermore, the HTR is commonly used as a behavioral proxy in rodents for human hallucinogenic effects.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sin embargo, el sistema dopaminérgico no es el único implicado. La desregulación de la IPP se ha relacionado con otros sistemas de neurotransmisión, entre los que se encuentran el serotoninérgico [32], el gabérgico [33], el glutamatérgico [4] y el colinérgico [34].…”
Section: MC Arenas Et Alunclassified
“…De manera similar, otras drogas que consiguen aumentar la liberación de dopamina a través de mecanismos indirectos, como el antagonismo de receptores NMDA o la activación de receptores 5-HT 2A , también provocan la disminución de la IPP. Así, la fenciclidina y la ketamina [4,54], y las drogas alucinógenas con perfil serotoninérgico (LSD, psilocibina, dimetiltriptamina y MDMA) disminuyen la IPP en humanos, ratas y ratones [32], ya que de manera indirecta también incrementan la función dopaminérgica en el núcleo accumbens [27,56,57]. Es bien sabido que esta alteración de la vía dopaminérgica mesolímbica provoca, en mayor o menor medida, una potente adicción [58] y posibles episodios psicóticos, observados tanto en humanos como en modelos animales [59].…”
Section: Efectos De La Cocaína Sobre La Ippunclassified
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