Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical behavior of porous Sr–Ca–P coatings on titanium

Characterization of Porous Phosphate Coatings Enriched with Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc and Copper Created on CP Titanium Grade 2 by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

“…sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) with trisodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ), and sodium aluminate (NaAlO 2 ) [5] calcium hypophosphite Ca(H 2 PO 2 ) 2 with phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 [9] sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (NaH 2 PO 4 ·H 2 O) with calcium acetate hydrate (Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 ·H 2 O) and strontium hydroxide 8-hydrate (Sr(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O) [18] calcium acetate Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 2H 2 O, and Na 2 SiO 3 , ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and sodium hydroxide NaOH [19] tri-sodium orthophosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ·12H 2 O) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and di-sodium tetra borate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O), and trisodium citrate dihydrate (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 ·2H 2 O), and sodium meta silicate nonahydrate (Na 2 SiO 3 ·9H2O) [20] disodium phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 ) [21] ammonium sulfate solution ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) [22] sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ) with calcium acetate (Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 ) and strontium(II) acetate (Sr(CH 3 COO) 2 ) [23] sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with sodium phytate (Na 12 Phy) [24] sodium phosphate heptahydrate (Na 2 HPO 4 ·7H 2 O), with α-Al 2 O 3 and ketoconazole [25] trisodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ) with hydrated sodium borate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ), and sodium tungstate (Na 2 WO 4) [26] ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with calcium (Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 ), Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 , sodium hydroxide (NaOH) [27] It should be pointed out that, in the majority of the literature, the presence of titanium oxides in PEO coatings obtained on titanium in aqueous solutions is most often reported. However, Sowa et.…”

TiO2 bioactive implant surfaces doped with specific amount of Sr modulate mineralization

“…A lot of studies that evaluated the effect of Sr in a layer with Ca are substituting Ca for Sr [31,35,44]. We combined the work of Kung et al [24,29,46], where the authors used 0.0013 and 0.013 of strontium hydroxide to produce Ca-P-Sr TiO 2 porous surfaces, and a recent work that showed the behaviour of Sr can be promoted in a calcium rich microenvironment [47]. Xie et al [47] hypothesize that the effect of strontium on bone regeneration is related to the concentration of calcium and concluded that Sr is more potentially effective for bone regeneration in combination with an environment having a high concentration of calcium ions.…”

In vitro biological response of plasma electrolytically oxidized and plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

“…Further enhancement of bioactivity can be achieved by incorporation of Ca and P into PEO coatings, which can be implemented through either sequential or hybrid processing routes. In the former, a PEO treatment of Ti is followed by either direct deposition (e.g., electrophoretic16 or cathodic17) of hydroxyapatite (HA) or by chemical and/or thermal post‐treatments18–23 to increase the Ca content and promote HA crystallization of the CaP‐containing amorphous component of the PEO coating. In the latter, crystalline CaPs are codeposited and incorporated into growing PEO coating in situ from electrolytes containing suspended HA nanoparticles24, 25 or soluble calcium and phosphate salts26–29 using direct current (DC),26–28 alternative current, or pulsed bipolar current (PBC)29 PEO modes.…”