Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser-Melted Ti64 and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe

Bai, Hong-Jie; Deng, Hao; Chen, Lei; Liu, Xianbo; Qin, X. R.; Zhang, Dingguo; Liu, Tong; Cui, Xudong

doi:10.3390/met11040534

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this scenario, the as-built sample formed by a fully α′ martensite structure does not show any portion of the β-phase in the XRD spectrum, as shown in Figure 34 . The same results are illustrated by [ 111 , 223 , 224 , 225 ]. On the other hand, increasing the presence of the α + β phase, the XRD spectrum starts showing small peaks related to the β-phase, as highlighted in the red spectrum related to the Ti6Al4V stress-relieving sample.…”

Section: L-pbfed Ti6al4v: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The AA HT, which can be directly performed on as-built Ti6Al4V samples, can be used to reduce the residual stress without excessive microstructural changes ( Table 9 and Table 10 ). On the other hand, its focal points are the balance of the tensile strengths and ductility with a bi-modal microstructure (as will be discussed successively in Section 6 ) and the precipitation of α, β and α 2 -Ti 3 Al [ 179 , 224 , 271 , 276 , 285 , 291 , 292 ].…”

Section: L-pbfed Ti6al4v: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bai et al [ 224 ] and Sabban et al [ 305 ] reported, however, a bimodal structure after the same cycling annealing between 975 and 875 °C. The first study shows a sequence of nine heating and cooling steps in 24 h characterized by rates of 2.5 °C/min and 1 °C/min, respectively, while the second illustrates a cycling annealing formed by five steps of heating (3.33 °C/min) and cooling (1.67 °C/min) with a holding time of 30 min at 975 °C for each step.…”

Section: L-pbfed Ti6al4v: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A good balance between the strengths and ductility can be reached by performing a mixed heat treatment that induces a bi-modal microstructure ( Section 6.2 ). De facto, Table 12 shows an increment of the tensile strengths, maintaining excellent elongations [ 112 , 224 , 265 , 305 ]. A good balance between the tensile strengths and the ductility was obtained in the research conducted by Sabban et al [ 305 ].…”

Section: L-pbfed Ti6al4v: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V Lightweight Alloys via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review of Heat Treatments Effects

Ghio

Cerri

2022

Materials

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Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing technology that is gaining increasing interest in aerospace, automotive and biomedical applications due to the possibility of processing lightweight alloys such as AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V. Both these alloys have microstructures and mechanical properties that are strictly related to the type of heat treatment applied after the L-PBF process. The present review aimed to summarize the state of the art in terms of the microstructural morphology and consequent mechanical performance of these materials after different heat treatments. While optimization of the post-process heat treatment is key to obtaining excellent mechanical properties, the first requirement is to manufacture high quality and fully dense samples. Therefore, effects induced by the L-PBF process parameters and build platform temperatures were also summarized. In addition, effects induced by stress relief, annealing, solution, artificial and direct aging, hot isostatic pressing, and mixed heat treatments were reviewed for AlSi10Mg and Ti6AlV samples, highlighting variations in microstructure and corrosion resistance and consequent fracture mechanisms.

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Section: L-pbfed Ti6al4v: Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: L-pbfed Ti6al4v: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: L-pbfed Ti6al4v: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: L-pbfed Ti6al4v: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V Lightweight Alloys via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review of Heat Treatments Effects

Ghio

Cerri

2022

Materials

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“…Owing to the layer-by-layer concept of LPBF, the poor surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is among the issues that have been investigated [36]. Other studies include the use of post-heat treatments such as annealing [37], stress-relieving [38], solution treatment [39], and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) [40] to improve the microstructure of the as LPBF samples and to reduce the developed defects. Studies on using LPBF to process other titanium alloys such as Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn [41], Ti-13Nb-13Zr [42], and Ti-6Al-7Nb [39] have also been carried out by several research groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Alloy and Properties Prediction Using Deep Learning Approaches

et al. 2021

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Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo is one of the most important titanium alloys characterised by its high strength, fatigue, and toughness properties, making it a popular material for aerospace and biomedical applications. However, no studies have been reported on processing this alloy using laser powder bed fusion. In this paper, a deep learning neural network (DLNN) was introduced to rationalise and predict the densification and hardness due to Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy. The process optimisation results showed that near-full densification is achieved in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy samples fabricated using an energy density of 77–113 J/mm3. Furthermore, the hardness of the builds was found to increase with increasing the laser energy density. Porosity and the hardness measurements were found to be sensitive to the island size, especially at high energy density. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was able to eliminate the porosity, increase the hardness, and achieve the desirable α and β phases. The developed model was validated and used to produce process maps. The trained deep learning neural network model showed the highest accuracy with a mean percentage error of 3% and 0.2% for the porosity and hardness. The results showed that deep learning neural networks could be an efficient tool for predicting materials properties using small data.

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Nanospikes on Customized 3D‐Printed Titanium Implant Surface Inhibits Bacterial Colonization

et al. 2023

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The clinical demand of orthopedic implants has raised tremendously over the past couple of decades with increasing population needing surgeries each year, making it a staple of medical industry. [1,2] Orthopedic implants are mostly used for structural reinforcement and are inserted inside body either temporarily or permanently. Temporary implants such as screws and plates are primarily employed for fracture fixation and removed after few months, whereas permanent implants are designed to replace damaged body parts such as hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, or elbow and are expected to stay within the patient throughout the lifespan. [3,4] Fractures of metacarpals and phalanges are common and in many cases treated nonoperatively if the fracture is stable. [5] Unstable fractures are operatively treated using internal fixation methods with Kirschner wires (K-wires), pins, screws plates, or a combination. [6] K-wire fixation creates a biomechanical environment that is stable enough to allow early postoperative mobilization mostly for proximal third and metacarpal neck fractures and is generally associated with better aesthetic outcome than open reduction internal fixation. [6,7] Plate and screw fixation are considered an ideal option to treat difficult fractures as it provides absolute construct rigidity compared to other methods of fracture fixation. [7] The design of medical implants should be very specific to the fractured or damaged bone, especially in plate and screw scenarios, where strategic pores are utilized to promote bone healing in the correct orientation to last for a long time. However, in most cases, standardized implants are bought directly from the manufacturer and modifications are made during surgery by bending, twisting, or trimming the implants to conform to the patient's bone, with verification from the surgeon's judgment. [4] Manufacturing defect arising from the fabrication process and lack of proper quality control impacts the overall mechanical properties of the implants. Changing critical parameters such as shape, diameter, and length affects the stress distribution in complicated loading scenarios. This highlights the importance of introducing engineered implant to suit specific bone fractures to reduce the likelihood of implant failures. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Moreover, traditional methods such as die casting and post-processing computer numerical control milling are expensive processes that require specialized equipment and lead times to manufacture and transport, and hence seldom utilized for patient-specific needs. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods, additive manufacturing (AM) uses a layer-by-layer manufacturing technique allowing fabrication of complex geometries with various materials in a cheaper

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Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser-Melted Ti64 and Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V Lightweight Alloys via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review of Heat Treatments Effects

Additive Manufacturing of AlSi10Mg and Ti6Al4V Lightweight Alloys via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: A Review of Heat Treatments Effects

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Alloy and Properties Prediction Using Deep Learning Approaches

Nanospikes on Customized 3D‐Printed Titanium Implant Surface Inhibits Bacterial Colonization

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