Effect of heating rate on gas emissions and properties of fired clay bricks and fired clay bricks incorporated with cigarette butts

Kadir, Aeslina Abdul; Mohajerani, Abbas

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2014.12.005

Cited by 53 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Mohajerani et al [27] propose that all CBs can be sustainably recycled in fired clay bricks by incorporating 1% CBs in 2.5% of the world's brick production. The study involves incorporating various percentages of CBs in clay bricks, including 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% [23,24,27]. Experiments have confirmed a steady decrease in dry density and compressive strength with an increase in the CB content of the clay bricks.…”

Section: Cigarette Buttsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have been conducted on recycling wastes in fired clay bricks to investigate the relationship between the use of additives in fired clay bricks and the micro-pores and nano-pores formed as a result. Such additives include waste sawdust [15], desulfurization slag and basic oxygen furnace aggregates [16], marble powder [17], biomass incineration [18], recycled paper processing residues [4], bio-briquette ash [19], sugarcane bagasse ash [20], and cigarette butts [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. A recent study revealed the substructures produced by the additive olive pomace (10% weight) that resulted in a 14.4% decrease in thermal conductivity [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Cigarette Butts in Fired Clay Bricks: A New Laboratory Investigation

Kurmus

Mohajerani

2020

Materials

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Cigarette butts (CBs) are the most commonly littered waste material in the world. It is estimated that over 5.7 trillion cigarettes are consumed worldwide each year. Consequently, millions of tonnes of highly toxic waste are contaminating the environment. CBs are composed of cellulose acetate filters-a polymer with poor biodegradability-and which, depending upon the environmental conditions, can take many years to decompose. In this study, fired clay bricks were manufactured with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% CBs by mass and tested against control bricks with 0% CBs. The results revealed a decrease in compressive strength from 48.6 MPa for 0% CB content bricks to 30.8 MPa for 1% CB content bricks, and a decrease in dry density with the increase in CB content, from 2114 kg/m 3 for the control bricks to 1983 kg/m 3 and 1969 kg/m 3 for 1% and 2% CB content bricks. The highest value of water absorption appeared for 2% CB content bricks, which reached an absorption rate of 13.1% compared to 9% for the control bricks. The energy required during the firing process was calculated with a saving of up to 10.20%, for bricks incorporating 1% CBs. The thermal conductivity of the samples showed a reduction of 17% from 1.078 to 0.898 W m −1 ·K −1 with the addition of 1% CBs. In addition, the manufactured bricks were tested for efflorescence, an initial rate of absorption (IRA), microstructural analysis, and shrinkage. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) is recommended to analyze the environmental impacts of bricks incorporating CBs.

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Section: Cigarette Buttsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Cigarette Butts in Fired Clay Bricks: A New Laboratory Investigation

Kurmus

Mohajerani

2020

Materials

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“…Sun et al (2016a) found that differences in the uniaxial compressive strength of clay are related to the transformation of minerals at high temperatures; for instance, dehydroxylated kaolinite is transformed into kaolinite at a temperature range of 400°C to 650°C. Kadir and Mohajerani (2015) found that while different rates of heating can impact the clay brick properties, the impacts are not substantial. However, exposure to higher temperatures has good environmental impacts, in terms of a shorter time of ring, more e cient use of energy, and less emitted gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clay After Heating in Different Oxygen Levels and Cooling With Different Methods

Dong

Sun

Zhang

2021

Preprint

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Clay is a vital industrial raw material, and its physical and mechanical properties undergo significant changes when heated at high temperatures. A good understanding of those properties can provide details on the best use of clay, and may eventually facilitate new application areas. In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of clay after exposure to high temperatures at two different oxygen levels and cooled in two different ways are studied. In the experiment, the clay samples are heated at high temperatures in anoxic conditions and air. The anoxic conditions are facilitated by a closed crucible. After the sample reaches the target temperature (400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C and 900°C), it is cooled to room temperature slowly in the furnace. The samples that are heated in air are either cooled in the furnace or quenched in water. Finally, the appearance of the clay samples in terms of their surface color and development of cracks, as well as their shrinkage, mass loss, hardness, strength and deformation, and the color of the core are examined and measured. The results show that the color of the surface of the clay samples heated in anoxic conditions and air significantly differs, and the color of the core is grayish black at temperatures that are below 800°C, which is possibly related to the oxidation and reduction of iron ions. Cracks in the clay samples partially offset shrinkage. The clay samples quenched in water show larger cracks and lower compressive strength. The mass of the samples does not change at temperatures that exceed 800°C. The hardness also does not change at temperatures that are higher than 700°C. In summary, temperatures between 700°C and 800°C have the most impact on clay because many of the physical properties (including their surface color and color of the core, shrinkage, mass, hardness, and strength) vary greatly at this temperature range.

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“…For example, it has been tested as corrosion inhibitor [10], biofilm carrier [11], activated carbon [12,13], preparation of cellulose pulp [14], bituminous mixture [15], concrete [16], and as carbon source for supercapacitors and adsorbents [17]. Besides that, the use of cigarette butt waste in fired clay bricks is receiving increasing attention worldwide [2,5,9,[18][19][20][21][22]. However, the use of cigarette butt waste to produce ceramic roofing tiles has not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of using cigarette butts waste in eco-friendly ceramic roofing tile

2020

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Cigarette butt is a hazardous solid waste produced in large amounts worldwide, and its improper disposal has been becoming a critical and urgent issue. This work investigates the incorporation of cigarette butt waste as an alternative raw material into an industrial roofing tile body, in replacement to natural roofing tile body by up to 5 wt.%. Roofing tile formulations containing cigarette butt waste were pressed and sintered at 1100 °C. The technical properties of the ceramic roofing tile pieces, including linear shrinkage, apparent density, weight loss, water absorption, and flexural strength, were investigated. The microstructural evolution was accompanied by scanning electron microscopy. The test results showed that cigarette butt waste could be used in eco-friendly ceramic roofing tile with good technical properties, in the range up to 5 wt.%, as a partial replacement for traditional roofing tile body, thus giving rise to a new feasible alternative for the sustainable application of cigarette butt waste.

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Effect of heating rate on gas emissions and properties of fired clay bricks and fired clay bricks incorporated with cigarette butts

Cited by 53 publications

References 16 publications

Recycling of Cigarette Butts in Fired Clay Bricks: A New Laboratory Investigation

Recycling of Cigarette Butts in Fired Clay Bricks: A New Laboratory Investigation

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clay After Heating in Different Oxygen Levels and Cooling With Different Methods

Feasibility of using cigarette butts waste in eco-friendly ceramic roofing tile

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