Effect of Heparin on Hemagglutination by Equine Arteritis Virus.

Sano, Yoshitaka; Inaba, Yuji; Uwatoko, Kazuhiro; Kubota, Tetsuya; Asagoe, Tetsuo; Kanaya, Jyunichi; Pan, In‐Jen; Akashi, Hiroomi; Fukunaga, Yoshio

doi:10.1292/jvms.60.447

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Further research is needed to confirm the role of this protein as a specific receptor or a co-receptor for PRRSV. Other investigators have demonstrated a previously non-reported hemagglutinating activity (HA) for PRRSV, as it is also the case for EAV [16,39]. They also reported that this HA activity, as well as the propagation of the virus, could be inhibited by heparin and suggest that a heparin-like molecule on the surface of susceptible cells could also play the role of cellular receptor for PRRSV [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Preliminary characterization of protein binding factor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on the surface of permissive and non-permissive cells

2000

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In its natural host, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been reported to have a restricted tropism for cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. To date, cloned monkey kidney cell lines, such as MARC-145 and CL2621 cells which have been established from MA-104 cells, are the only non-porcine cells known to support PRRSV replication. In the present study, a binding assay was set up to follow by flow cytometry the attachment of PRRSV on the surface of porcine and non-porcine cells. PRRSV was found to be able to bind permissive cells like porcine alveolar macrophages and MARC-145. Further binding assays with porcine peripheral blood leukocytes showed that only monocytes can attach the virus. By their lack of binding factor, lymphocytes appeared to be refractory to PRRSV infection. Pre-incubation of MARC-145 cells with chymotrypsin and pronase E, but not neuraminidase, blocked their binding activity for PRRSV. The binding activity of the protease-treated cells was regenerated 8 hours after treatment, but cells remained unable to bind PRRSV if maintained in the presence of cycloheximide, thus confirming the proteinic nature of the specific binding factor(s). Experiments conduced with cells that have been previously characterized as non-permissive to PRRSV infection showed that many of them were able to bind the virus. Data obtained suggest that interaction of PRRSV with a specific binding factor on the surface of some cells is not sufficient to lead to a productive infection, and that a second putative receptor or other phenomena are probably required to pursue later events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Preliminary characterization of protein binding factor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on the surface of permissive and non-permissive cells

2000

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“…It has been described that extracts prepared from EAV-infected cells, especially when they were treated with Tween=ether, can hemagglutinate chicken erythrocytes with titers up to 64 [10,13]. Our virus preparations (50 ml [1-10 mg=ml protein] incubated with 50 ml of 1% erythrocytes at room temperature) usually exhibited HA titers between 8 and 16.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Characterization of equine arteritis virus particles and demonstration of their hemolytic activity

et al. 2008

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Equine arteritis virus (EAV), a member of the newly established family Arteriviridae, is a small, positive-stranded RNA virus. It carries two protein complexes in its envelope, gp5/M and the recently described gp2b/gp3/gp4 complex. We report here on several basic features of EAV replication in cell culture and on the protein composition of virus particles. We have also characterized gp2b, gp3, and gp4 expressed using a baculovirus system in insect cells. Finally, we provide evidence that EAV possess hemagglutinating and hemolytic activity. The hemolysis assay might be useful for determining which of the surface proteins carries the receptor-binding and membrane fusion activity of EAV.

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“…Entry to target cells has been confirmed to be achieved through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Since heparin treatment with virus or heparinase treatment with erythrocytes reduced EAV-induced agglutination of erythrocytes, it was suggested that EAV may use heparin-like molecules on the cell surface for attachment (Sano et al, 1998). In the case of PRRSV, it has been reported that the entry into the target cell was induced through clathrindependent endocytosis mediated by interaction between cellular receptors and PRRSV (Nauwynck et al, 1999).…”

Section: Quasispecies Dynamics and Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary biology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

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Effect of Heparin on Hemagglutination by Equine Arteritis Virus.

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Preliminary characterization of protein binding factor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on the surface of permissive and non-permissive cells

Preliminary characterization of protein binding factor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on the surface of permissive and non-permissive cells

Characterization of equine arteritis virus particles and demonstration of their hemolytic activity

Evolutionary biology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

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