Effect of herbal compounds on coronavirus; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been transmitted exponentially. Numerous studies have been performed in recent years that have shown the inhibitory effect of plant extracts or plant-derived compounds on the coronavirus family. In this study, we want to use systematic review and meta-analysis to answer the question, which herbal compound has been more effective? Main body The present study is based on the guidelines for conducting meta-analyzes. An extensive search was conducted in the electronic database, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were selected and data screening was done. Quality control of articles was performed. Data analysis was carried out in STATA software. Conclusion Due to the variety of study methods, definitive conclusions are not possible. However, in this study, we attempted to gather all the available evidence on the effect of plant compounds on SARS-COV-2 to be used for the development and use of promising antiviral agents against this virus and other coronaviruses. Trypthantrin, Sambucus extract, S. cusia extract, Boceprevir and Indigole B, dioica agglutinin urtica had a good effect on reducing the virus titer. Also among the compounds that had the greatest effect on virus inhibition, Saikosaponins B2, SaikosaponinsD, SaikosaponinsA and Phillyrin, had an acceptable selectivity index greater than 10. Andrographolide showed the highest selectivity index on SARS-COV-2. Our study confirmed insufficient data to support alkaloid compounds against SARS-COV-2, and the small number of studies that used alkaloid compounds was a limitation. It is recommended to investigate the effect of more alkaloid compounds against Corona virus.

The Global Impact of COVID-19: Historical Development, Molecular Characterization, Drug Discovery and Future Directions

“…43 Though unclear, bats and palm civets have been suggested to be the natural reservoir. 44,[46][47][48] Around the early 2000s, molecular techniques were used to amplify conserved regions in coronaviruses' genomes, eliminating the need for cultures to propagate coronaviruses to enhance identification. In 2001, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) from samples taken from a 71-year-old man returning to Hong Kong from China.…”

“…43 The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak which was believed to have originated from bats with dromedary camels serving as intermediate hosts was first reported in 2012 in a 60-year-old man in Saudi Arabia. 46 The MERS-CoV infections were initially referred to as human coronavirus Erasmus Medical Centre (HCoV-EMC) before being adequately renamed by the international committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). 38 The latest or newest of the coronaviruses is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first detected in China.…”

“… 43 Though unclear, bats and palm civets have been suggested to be the natural reservoir. 44 , 46 - 48 …”

“…The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was reported in 2019 and is believed to have originated from bats and pangolins. 46 , 50 While the outbreaks of the earlier human coronaviruses claimed hundreds of lives globally, fatalities recorded from SARS-CoV-2 infections were in the millions worldwide. Prior to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the only human coronaviruses that had caused extensive infections and major outbreaks with high mortality rates were the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.…”

Traditional Herbal Medicines As a Complementary Treatment for Monkeypox

“…In Table 3, we have compiled a few examples of medicinal herbs that may be effective in treating monkeypox. [24][25][26][27][28]…”