Effect of hexanitroethane (HNE) and hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) on energy characteristics of composite solid propellants

Zhang, Linan; Lin, Qunqing; Cheng, Benduan; Wang, Pengcheng; Lu, Ming; Lin, Qiuhan

doi:10.1016/j.fpc.2021.05.003

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The continuous development of the aerospace industry is resulting in higher performance requirements of solid propellants, i. e., a combination of high energy content and excellent mechanical properties. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a new energetic material with high energy density and material density, and it can be embedded into glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) to fabricate a novel type of high-energy solid propellant [1][2][3][4][5]. The reaction of a propellant can be triggered by heating (e. g., using an igniter) or impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low/intermediate speed impact‐induced ignition and damage of a novel high‐energy solid propellant

Chen

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The damage and ignition response of a novel propellant is investigated using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The mechanical response of the propellant exhibits strong strain rate dependency following a power law. The whole process from mechanical damage to onset of ignition, deflagration and potential deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) under different strain rates (1000–5000 s−1) is captured via high‐speed photography and digital image correlation (DIC). To clarify the onset and extent of the resulting reaction in terms of the mechanical damage caused by impact, meso‐scale analysis is used to evaluate the propellant before and after dynamic impact loading. The ignition response under impact loading is mainly caused by shear flow, and ignition after multiple impacts due to the reflection of stress waves. Dense debris clouds produced by the first impact are observed in the case of a strain rate of 5000 s−1 leading to DDT when the second impact initiated ignition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low/intermediate speed impact‐induced ignition and damage of a novel high‐energy solid propellant

Chen

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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“…Currently, great emphasis is being laid on the development of propellants that release innocuous combustion products. Even though this has been a vital global concern, ammonium perchlorate (AP) is the irreplaceable workhorse oxidizer for composite solid propellants due to its plentiful benefits including highly effective oxygen content, specific impulse, burning rate, density, and ease of handling. , Though ammonium nitrate is renowned as an eco-friendly green oxidizer, it has been greatly affected by polymorphism, which confines its application as a potential oxidizer. − Similar efforts have been devoted to the development of chlorine-free propellants using ammonium dinitramide (ADN), hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF), and hexanitroethane (HNE) as oxidizers, but they have many limitations like high hygroscopic nature and sensitivity toward impact and friction . Here, our effort is to upsurge the “green quotient” of propellant systems by designing new catalysts without compromising the energetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4 − 6 Similar efforts have been devoted to the development of chlorine-free propellants using ammonium dinitramide (ADN), hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF), and hexanitroethane (HNE) as oxidizers, but they have many limitations like high hygroscopic nature and sensitivity toward impact and friction. 7 Here, our effort is to upsurge the “green quotient” of propellant systems by designing new catalysts without compromising the energetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Carbon Nitride/Iron Oxide Composites: A Novel Class of Catalysts with Reduced Metal Content for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition

2022

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The ever-growing number of space launches triggering an enormous release of metallic dead weight into the atmosphere has become a global concern. Despite technological advancements, the inclusion of environmental concerns in space research has become the need of the hour. Here, we report the impact of iron oxide (Fe2O3)-doped polymeric carbon nitride (gCN) composites with varying metal contents (namely, GF1, GF2, and GF3 with iron contents of 0.1, 0.25, and 2 mmol, respectively) as a new class of catalysts for ammonium perchlorate (AP) thermolysis. Morphology studies revealed the dendritic morphology of the synthesized Fe2O3, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the effective interaction between Fe2O3 and gCN in the composites. Among all of the synthesized composites, GF2 shows superior catalytic competence toward AP decomposition by amalgamating the double-stage decomposition process into a single stage followed by a considerable decrease in the decomposition temperature. The kinetic parameters calculated for the thermal decomposition of AP with and without catalysts using the KAS method substantiated the above results by significantly reducing the activation energy from 173.2 to 151.7 kJ/mol. Later, thermogravimetric and mass-spectrometric (TG-MS) analysis gives a clear idea about the catalytic efficiency of the synthesized catalyst GF2 toward AP decomposition from the accelerated emission of decomposition products NO, NO2, Cl, HCl, Cl2, and N2O in the presence of GF2. In a nutshell, gCN/Fe2O3 will open up new horizons in the field of synthesis of new catalytic systems with minimal metal content for composite solid propellants.

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“…[7][8][9] Due to hydrolysis between the nitrate ester and H 2 O, the trace moisture content of TEGDN/NG will affect the safety performance, such as the sensitivity and compatibility. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Particularly for high-energy and high-sensitivity nitrate esters, tiny changes in moisture content could have a great impact on the safety performance in practice. 16 Karl Fischer titration and chromatography methods have been extensively used in the quantitative analysis of the moisture content and component ratio, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of the component ratio and moisture content in TEGDN/NG composites by the qNMR method

et al. 2022

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Effect of hexanitroethane (HNE) and hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) on energy characteristics of composite solid propellants

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Low/intermediate speed impact‐induced ignition and damage of a novel high‐energy solid propellant

Low/intermediate speed impact‐induced ignition and damage of a novel high‐energy solid propellant

Polymeric Carbon Nitride/Iron Oxide Composites: A Novel Class of Catalysts with Reduced Metal Content for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition

Simultaneous determination of the component ratio and moisture content in TEGDN/NG composites by the qNMR method

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