Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on cd4+ cell count and liver enzymes in HIV infection at Lokoja, Nigeria

Ge, Itodo; Ss, Enitan; Vo, Samanu; Ehiaghe, FA; Yr, Akele; Oa, Olanyanju

doi:10.5897/ajcpath15.005

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…combination, the approach is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy -HAART. A combination of Nevirapine, Stavudine, and Lamivudine or Lamivudine with Zidovudine is frequently prescribed [60,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Co-Infection among HIV Infected Adult Patients on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria

Seyi¹,

Oluyemisi²,

John³

et al. 2019

Int J Virol AIDS

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Background: Respiratory tract infections with more than one organisms are common in immunosup pressed patients, especially those who are Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the most important and dangerous pulmonary bacterial pathogens with global impact. This present study assessed the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection and associated risk factors among HIV infected Adult Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) attending the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Co-Infection among HIV Infected Adult Patients on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria

Seyi¹,

Oluyemisi²,

John³

et al. 2019

Int J Virol AIDS

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“…As at 2015, about 36.7 million people were living with HIV/AIDS globally, with an estimated 25.5 million infected people in Sub-Saharan African [3]. The introduction and use of antiretroviral therapies (ART) has revolutionized the management and treatment of HIV/ AIDS globally resulting in increased life expectancy [4][5][6][7][8]. Current treatment guidelines by WHO recommend the use of a combination of at least 3 ARV drugs which include: 2 Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) combined with 1 medication When such drugs, typically three or four, are taken in combination, the approach is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy -HAART.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current treatment guidelines by WHO recommend the use of a combination of at least 3 ARV drugs which include: 2 Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) combined with 1 medication When such drugs, typically three or four, are taken in combination, the approach is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy -HAART. A combination of Nevirapine, Stavudine, and Lamivudine or Lamivudine with Zidovudine is frequently prescribed [8][9][10]. The prescription and use of a particular therapy depends on individual's tolerability, the cost, and the therapeutic objectives [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on some Serum Micronutrients and Electrolytes Levels in HIV Infected Patients in Southern Nigeria

Kester

Ray

Samson

et al. 2018

BJSTR

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Micronutrients and electrolytes deficiencies are prevalent among HIV-infected populations. The use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on the other hand has been shown to increase the life expectancy of HIV infected individuals. The present study was designed to determine the effects of HAART on some serum micronutrients and electrolytes concentrations in HIV positive patients attending Emuoha General Hospital, Emuoha Local Government Area, River State, Southern Nigeria, six months post-therapy. A cohort of 163 patients comprising 111 HIV Positive subjects (25 males and 86 females) and 52 apparently healthy HIV negative controls (11 males and 41 females) were recruited for this study. HIV infection was detected using rapid tests Kits: Alere DetermineTM HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo Rapid Tests Kits (Abbot Rapid Diagnostics, California, USA), Uni-GoldTM Recombigen® HIV-1/2 (Trinity Biotech Plc, Wicklow, Ireland) and Chembio HIV 1/2 STAT-PAK® Rapid Test Kit (Chembio Diagnostic systems, New York, USA). The serum micronutrients and electrolytes levels of the patients were analyzed at diagnosis and 6 months after initiation of HAART using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ion selective electrode automation, respectively. The outcome of this study show that the mean±SD HAART serum Vitamin A (8.02±0.70µg/dl), Vitamin C (1.21±0.42mg/dl), Vitamin E (0.41±0.02mg/dl), Zinc (89.20±4.73µg/dl) and Selenium (44.42±5.23µg/dl) serum levels of the HIV positive Patients were lower than the controls (9.70±0.93µg/dl, 1.73±0.16mg/dl, 0.67±0.09mg/ dl, 98.48±3.34µg/dl and 55.17±6.02µg/dl, respectively), but significantly higher (P<0.05) than the mean±SD Pre-HAART values (6.32±1.11µg/dl, 0.75±0.09mg/dl, 0.35±0.04mg/dl, 76.20±9.16µg/dl and 23.30±5.91µg/dl, respectively). On the other hand, the mean ± SD serum copper levels of the HAART HIV-positive subjects (31.66±2.33µg/dl) were higher than the controls (26.43±3.34µg/dl), but significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the pre-HAART (35.12±2.82µg/dl). Furthermore, the results also show that the mean±SD HAART serum Potassium (3.92±0.43mmol/L) and Sodium (134.50±3.27mmol/L) serum levels of the HIV positive Patients were lower than the controls (4.07±0.57mmol/L and 137.46±3.35mmol/L, respectively), but significantly higher (P<0.05) than the mean±SD Pre-HAART values (3.29±0.33mmol/L and 132.61±2.46 mmol/L, respectively). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the mean±SD Pre-HAART (98.92±5.65mmol/L) and HAART (99.59±6.53mmol/L) serum chloride levels of HIV-positive Patients and the Controls (100.42±6.28mmol/L). Also, there were no significant differences between the males and females in all the parameters measured, except for serum vitamin C and zinc levels. On one hand, while the HIV positive males' mean±SD HAART vitamin C serum level (1.46±0.36mg/dl) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of their female counterparts (1.14±0.41mg/dl), on the other hand, their mean±SD HAART serum zinc level (89.42±2.45µg/dl) was significantly lower than that of the female...

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“…CD4 count is used to determine the stage of HIV disease, the risk of opportunistic infections, to assess the prognosis, measure immunity status and as a guide to decide when to start ART (Itodo GE, 2015;Leticia OI, 2014). Generally, a person with normal immune status has a CD4 count of 800-1,200 cells/μL of blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of mild to severe hepatotoxicity and the occurrence of liver failure are frequently reported in the use of NVP. Literature suggests that NVP hepatotoxicity occurs in 6-30% of patients and causes NVP to terminate in about 2-10% of patients (Manosuthi et al, 2008;Gao et al, 2010;Neuman et al, 2012;Itodo GE, 2015). NVP hepatotoxicity was assessed based on levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and grouped according to the criteria of the Clinical Trial Group of AIDS (Kalyesubula et al, 2011;Chu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation of Initial CD4 Cell Count with Increased Alanine Aminotransferase in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Have Received Nevirapine

Rokhim

Hadi

Triyono

2017

Proceedings of Surabaya International Physiology Seminar

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Nevirapine is one of the most widely used antiretroviral drugs in developing countries. One of the current concerns is the high risk of hepatotoxicity associated with the use of Nevirapine in about 6-30% of patients and is the cause of discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy in 2-10% of patients due to severe liver disorders characterized by increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Hepatotoxicity in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be caused by many factors. Two mechanisms of nevirapine hepatotoxicity have been proposed. One of mechanisms is the immune-mediated hypersensitivity reaction that induces hepatotoxicity reactions that are thought to be associated with early CD4 counts. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between initial CD4 count and elevated ALT levels in people infected with HIV who have received nevirapine for 3 months. This study was cross-sectional observational analytic research of 30 HIV-infected patients receiving nevirapine treatment. Each patient was assessed for initial CD4 cell count and initial ALT levels before receiving nevirapine treatment. After 3 months of nevirapine treatment, ALT re-examination was performed to determine elevated alanine aminotransferase levels, then correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's test. Spearman's correlation test results found a negative correlation between initial CD4 count and elevated ALT levels but not was statistically significant (r =-0.107; p = 0.573). In the sub analysis, a positive correlation was found between initial ALT level and ALT level increase (r = 0.427; p = 0.019). Initial CD4 count was not correlated with elevated ALT levels in HIV-infected patients receiving Nevirapine-based ARVs.

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Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on cd4+ cell count and liver enzymes in HIV infection at Lokoja, Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Co-Infection among HIV Infected Adult Patients on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria

Prevalence of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Co-Infection among HIV Infected Adult Patients on HAART in Ogun State, Nigeria

Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on some Serum Micronutrients and Electrolytes Levels in HIV Infected Patients in Southern Nigeria

The Correlation of Initial CD4 Cell Count with Increased Alanine Aminotransferase in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Have Received Nevirapine

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