EFFECT OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON VAGINAL Candida spp. ISOLATION IN HIV-INFECTED COMPARED TO HIV-UNINFECTED WOMEN

Alczuk, Silvia de Souza Dantas; Mendonca, Patricia; Rocha-Brischiliari, Sheila Cristina; Shinobu-Mesquita, Cristiane Suemi; Martins, Helen Priscilla Rodrigues; Gimenes, Fernanda Raphael Escobar; Abreu, André Luelsdorf Pimenta de; Carvalho, Maria Dalva de Barros; Pelloso, Sandra Marisa; Svidzinski, Terezinha Inez Estivalet; Consolaro, Márcia Edilaine Lopes

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652015000200012

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“… 171 This problem and the multiple issues involved in treatment are examined in appropriate guidelines on the treatment of HIV and opportunistic infections. Sexual partners of HIV‐positive women should be informed of the increased risk of infection if they display a predisposition to Candida balanitis 172 . The appropriate statements and recommendations #10‐11 are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline: Vulvovaginal candidosis (AWMF 015/072, level S2k)

Farr

Effendy

Tirri

et al. 2021

Mycoses

146

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Approximately 70‐75% of women will have vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) at least once in their lifetime. In premenopausal, pregnant, asymptomatic and healthy women and women with acute VVC, Candida albicans is the predominant species. The diagnosis of VVC should be based on clinical symptoms and microscopic detection of pseudohyphae. Symptoms alone do not allow reliable differentiation of the causes of vaginitis. In recurrent or complicated cases, diagnostics should involve fungal culture with species identification. Serological determination of antibody titres has no role in VVC. Before the induction of therapy, VVC should always be medically confirmed. Acute VVC can be treated with local imidazoles, polyenes or ciclopirox olamine, using vaginal tablets, ovules or creams. Triazoles can also be prescribed orally, together with antifungal creams, for the treatment of the vulva. Commonly available antimycotics are generally well tolerated, and the different regimens show similarly good results. Antiseptics are potentially effective but act against the physiological vaginal flora. Neither a woman with asymptomatic colonisation nor an asymptomatic sexual partner should be treated. Women with chronic recurrent Candida albicans vulvovaginitis should undergo dose‐reducing maintenance therapy with oral triazoles. Unnecessary antimycotic therapies should always be avoided, and non‐albicans vaginitis should be treated with alternative antifungal agents. In the last 6 weeks of pregnancy, women should receive antifungal treatment to reduce the risk of vertical transmission, oral thrush and diaper dermatitis of the newborn. Local treatment is preferred during pregnancy.

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Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guideline: Vulvovaginal candidosis (AWMF 015/072, level S2k)

Farr

Effendy

Tirri

et al. 2021

Mycoses

146

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“…It is known that the integrity of the immune system (physical and chemical attributes) is able to stimulate the virulence of the microorganisms 38 . Additionally, previous results from our group 24 showed that clinical isolates from both groups-did not have an antifungal resistance profile, suggesting that the presence of yeast in the vaginal environment of the studied women is in fact related to virulence factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…For the HIV+ group, 2 (7.7%) clinical isolates presented a dose-dependent susceptibility (DDS) to FLU, 1 (3.9%) isolate to ITRA and 1 (3.9%) isolate to NYST. For the HIV- group, 7 (38.9%) clinical isolates of C. albicans were DDS to NYST and 1 (5.5%) isolate to ITRA 24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence factors and genetic variability of vaginal Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected women in the post-highly active antiretroviral era

Zanni

Mendonca

Negri

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in HIV-infected (HIV+) women is a serious public health problem. However, little is known about the virulence mechanisms of vaginal Candida albicans from HIV+ women in the post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the expression of key virulence factors and genetic variability of 26 vaginal C. albicans strains isolated from HIV+ women undergoing HAART and 18 from HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women. In general, we observed that C. albicans from HIV+ women receiving HAART showed lower expression of virulence factors compared with C. albicans from HIV- women, except for the proteinase activity which is highly expressed. The results in HIV-women further suggest that virulence factors appear to be expressed in response to the yeast stress, in the presence of an adequate immune response. Furthermore, the RAPD results showed a high heterogeneity among isolates from both groups of women. These findings in HIV+ women using HAART will help to improve the monitoring of vaginal yeast infections and the quality of life of patients.

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“…All tests were performed using Review Manager (RevMan version 5.3.0) software and two-sided p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Djigma 2011 [34] Nowark 2011 [45] Gallo 2011 [40] Oliveira 2011 [17] Chiduo 2012 [30] Blitz 2013 [36] Hu 2013 [18] Apalata 2014 [20] Benning 2014 [41] Mackelprang 2015 [43] Masson 2015 [42] Alczuk 2015 [15] Massad 2016 [37] Reimers 2016 [38] Kriek 2016 [46] Alcaide 2016 [14] :High risk of bias: Unclear risk of bias: Low risk of bias…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of The Prevalence of Genital Infections Among Hiv Carriers and Uninfected Women

Costa¹,

Santos²,

Sarmento³

et al. 2018

TOAIDJ

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Background & Aim:The risk factors in acquiring genital co-infections associated with HIV infection still present many questions. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the prevalence of genital infection among HIV-infected and uninfected women.Methods:We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo for the relevant studies up until October 2017. Data were collected from the included studies and methodologically assessed. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using fixed or random-effects models.Results:Thirty-six articles involving 23,863 women with retroviruses were included. HIV-infected women were significantly more diagnosed with the following genital infections:Herpes simplexvirus type 2 (HSV-2) (OR 3.70; 95% CI: 2.42–5.65),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(GC) (OR 4.18; 95% CI: 2.15-8.13),Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) (OR 2.25; 95% CI: 1.20-4.23) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) (OR 3.99, 95% CI: 3.35-4.75). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (OR 1.09; 95% CI: 0.91-1.30),Candida sp. (OR 1.51; 95% CI: 0.71-3.25),Treponema pallidum(OR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.00-2.45) andTrichomonas vaginalis(OR 1.00; 95% CI: 0.47-2.15).Conclusion:The prevalence of HPV, HSV-2, GC and CT genital infection was significantly higher among HIV-positive women.

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EFFECT OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON VAGINAL Candida spp. ISOLATION IN HIV-INFECTED COMPARED TO HIV-UNINFECTED WOMEN

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Guideline: Vulvovaginal candidosis (AWMF 015/072, level S2k)

Guideline: Vulvovaginal candidosis (AWMF 015/072, level S2k)

Virulence factors and genetic variability of vaginal Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected women in the post-highly active antiretroviral era

Meta-Analysis of The Prevalence of Genital Infections Among Hiv Carriers and Uninfected Women

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