Effect of human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal‐stem‐cell bioactive materials on porcine embryo development

Abstract

Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs) secrete bioactive materials that are beneficial for tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we characterized human hAT-MSC bioactive material (hAT-MSC-BM), and examined the effect of hAT-MSC-BM on porcine embryo development. hAT-MSC-BM was enriched with several growth factors and cytokines, including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and interleukin 6 (IL6). Among the various concentrations and days of treatment tested, 10% hAT-MSC-BM treatment beginning on culture Day 4 provided the best environment for the in vitro growth of parthenogenetic porcine embryos. While the addition of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) increased the hatching rate and the total cell number of parthenogenetic porcine embryos compared with the control and hAT-MSC culture medium group, the best results were from the group cultured with 10% hAT-MSC-BM. Mitochondrial activity was also higher in the 10% hAT-MSC-BM-treated group. Moreover, the relative mRNA expression levels of development and anti-apoptosis genes were significantly higher in the 10% hAT-MSC-BM-treated group than in control, hAT-MSC culture medium, or 10% FBS groups, whereas the transcript abundance of an apoptosis gene was slightly lower. Treatment with 10% hAT-MSC-BM starting on Day 4 also improved the development rate and the total cell number of in vitro-fertilized embryos. This is the first report on the benefits of hAT-MSC-BM in a porcine embryo in vitro culture system. We conclude that hAT-MSC-BM is a new, alternative supplement that can improve the development of porcine embryos during both parthenogenesis and fertilization in vitro.

Increasing of blastocyst rate and gene expression in co-culture of bovine embryos with adult adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells

“…Our study differs in that 100 % of the medium used was preconditioned in the corresponding treatments. The time used to precondition the medium in culture with stem cells is not clear in the above referenced studies although, in both, the bioactive material was derived from stem cell cultures that reached ∼90 % confluence [12,13]. In our study, SOF medium was conditioned for 24 h only.…”

“…The use of stem cell-conditioned medium for embryo culture was previously reported [12,13]. In these studies, supplementation of culture medium with a 10 % addition of human embryonic stem cell-or human adult adipose stem cell-conditioned medium (also termed bioactive material) improved embryo development in bovine or porcine, respectively.…”

“…Recently, few reports have presented a new approach based upon the use of stem cells of adult or embryonic origin and their derived biomaterials in a co-culture system with oocytes and/or embryos from mice, pigs, and bovines [11][12][13]. These studies have been primarily motivated by the fact that stem cells have the ability to secrete a variety of substances such as cytokines, growth factors, and even microRNAs, which are collectively capable of modulating the surrounding microenvironment [14][15][16][17].…”

“…For instance, Ling et al [19] reported higher mouse oocyte maturation rates when using medium that had been conditioned for 48 h in the presence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Similarly, supplementation of bovine or porcine embryo culture medium with 10 % of a bioactive material derived from human embryonic [12] or adipose tissue [13] stem cells, respectively, has been shown to be efficient for keeping quantity and quality of in vitro produced embryos in both species. Only one study has addressed the use of stem cells as feeders for embryo culture.…”

Stem Cell–Derived Bioactive Materials Accelerate Development of PorcineIn Vitro–Fertilized Embryos

“…Some of these growth factors benefit skin regeneration, re-epithelialization, wound healing, and wrinkle prevention. Previously in our studies, we examined the effect of bioactive material (BM) supplements-human embryonic stem cell-derived BM (hESC-BM) and human adipose tissuederived mesenchymal stem cell BM (hAT-MSC-BM)-for embryonic development in vitro (Kim et al, 2011;Park et al, 2013). In one BM-related study, adding hESC-BM to bovine IVC systems caused an increase in total cell number in bovine blastocysts (Kim et al, 2011).…”