Effect of Human Insulin on the Formation of Catheter-Associated &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;E. coli&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Biofilms

Plotkin, Balbina J.; Wu, Zijian; Ward, Kristen M.; Nadella, Shaven; Green, Jacalyn M.; Rumnani, Benny

doi:10.4236/oju.2014.45009

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this study, a luxS deletion strain, which is unable to produce the EHEC autoinducer AI-3, responded to the host signal epinephrine and activated the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation [ 130 ]. Furthermore, E. coli biofilm formation is induced by insulin and is increased when glucose is present [ 131 ]. Indeed, the presence of insulin increased E. coli hydrophobicity and adherence to epithelial cells [ 132 ].…”

Section: Diverse Gut and Microbiota-derived Signals Induce Biofilm Formation In Commensal Bacteria And Enteropathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: Clostridioides difficile Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections

et al. 2021

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The microbiota inhabiting the intestinal tract provide several critical functions to its host. Microorganisms found at the mucosal layer form organized three-dimensional structures which are considered to be biofilms. Their development and functions are influenced by host factors, host-microbe interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions. These structures can dictate the health of their host by strengthening the natural defenses of the gut epithelium or cause disease by exacerbating underlying conditions. Biofilm communities can also block the establishment of pathogens and prevent infectious diseases. Although these biofilms are important for colonization resistance, new data provide evidence that gut biofilms can act as a reservoir for pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile. In this review, we will look at the biofilms of the intestinal tract, their contribution to health and disease, and the factors influencing their formation. We will then focus on the factors contributing to biofilm formation in C. difficile, how these biofilms are formed, and their properties. In the last section, we will look at how the gut microbiota and the gut biofilm influence C. difficile biofilm formation, persistence, and transmission.

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Section: Diverse Gut and Microbiota-derived Signals Induce Biofilm Formation In Commensal Bacteria And Enteropathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: Clostridioides difficile Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections

et al. 2021

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“…Since individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus can excrete insulin (or/ and glucose) in their urine, this can be the reason for increased incidence of severe urinary tract infections in these medical conditions. However, material type from which the urine catheters are made, can also be of crucial importance if E. coli can freely attach to it and form the biofilm [10]. This feature together with insulin presence can lead to fruitful environment for biofilm development.…”

Section: Insulin May Serve As the Key Signal Molecule In Process Of Biofilm Formation In Patients With Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors can be different therapeutic agents especially in case of chronic diseases, including hormone insulin which is administered to patients with diabetes mellitus. Some previous studies already established that human insulin stimulates E. coli growth and its ability to form a biofilm [9][10][11]. However, besides its ability to affect growth kinetic of E. coli, not much is known about other effects of insulin on E. coli in course of systemic infection, and there is lack of data on how insulin may affect metabolic activity of this pathogen and its ability to become a biofilm former.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Acts as Stimulatory Agent in Diabetes-Related Escherichia Coli Pathogenesis

Kamelija¹,

Eminovic²,

Ibrišimović³

et al. 2018

Int J Diabetes Clin Res

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Background: In general, diabetic patients are more prone to microbial infections, which is believed to be caused due to high glucose levels in blood which compromise components of the immune system. However, it is little known about role of therapeutic insulin administration on dissemination of infectious diseases in people with diabetes mellitus. Methods:The study included the clinically isolated strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) with biofilm forming capacity as well as referent non-biofilm former E. coli strain as control. Metabolic activity, level of virulence and biofilm forming capacity of tested E. coli strains were investigated in vitro conditions under presence of human hormone insulin at different incubation time points.Results: Administration of hormone insulin in concentration of 2.5 U/ml resulted in significant increase in proliferation of all tested E. coli strains under in vitro conditions at 37 °C. Presence of insulin also stimulated expression of E. coli virulent factor enzyme aspartyl proteinase, which in synergism with human insulin served as signal molecules for bacterial quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Conclusion:Results of this study present first report about direct effect of hormone insulin on elevated metabolic activity of E. coli in a linkage with its biofilm forming capability. This opens a new look at understanding the cause of various bacterial infections in diabetic patients, as well as their multi-resistance to antibiotics that occurs due to changed bacterial metabolism and their newly acquired colonization abilities.

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“…E. coli -derived insulin induces responses in mammalian cells and tissues analogous to that of human insulin [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Human-derived insulin functions as a quorum chemical signaling molecule that regulates E. coli biofilm formation on uroepithelial cells, catheter material, plastic, and glass [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Human insulin affects E. coli biofilm formation and exhibits global rheostat-like regulation of all stages, including motility, adherence, cell-population growth, as well as biofilm building and maturation [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human-derived insulin functions as a quorum chemical signaling molecule that regulates E. coli biofilm formation on uroepithelial cells, catheter material, plastic, and glass [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Human insulin affects E. coli biofilm formation and exhibits global rheostat-like regulation of all stages, including motility, adherence, cell-population growth, as well as biofilm building and maturation [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The changes in cell wall architecture relate to alterations that have been demonstrated to result in enhanced virulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Regulation of Escherichia coli Abiotic Biofilm Formation: Effect of Nutrients and Growth Conditions

2021

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Escherichia coli plays an important role in biofilm formation across a wide array of disease and ecological settings. Insulin can function as an adjuvant in the regulation of biofilm levels. The modulation of insulin-regulated biofilm formation by environmental conditions has not been previously described. In the present study, the effects that various environmental growth conditions and nutrients have on insulin-modulated levels of biofilm production were measured. Micropipette tips were incubated with E. coli ATCC® 25922™ in a Mueller Hinton broth (MH), or a yeast nitrogen base with 1% peptone (YNBP), which was supplemented with glucose, lactose, galactose and/or insulin (Humulin®-R). The incubation conditions included a shaking or static culture, at 23 °C or 37 °C. After incubation, the biofilm production was calculated per CFU. At 23 °C, the presence of insulin increased biofilm formation. The amount of biofilm formation was highest in glucose > galactose >> lactose, while the biofilm levels decreased in shaking cultures, except for galactose (3-fold increase; 0.1% galactose and 20 μU insulin). At 37 °C, regardless of condition, there was more biofilm formation/CFU under static conditions in YNBP than in MH, except for the MH containing galactose. E. coli biofilm formation is influenced by aeration, temperature, and insulin concentration in combination with the available sugars.

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Effect of Human Insulin on the Formation of Catheter-Associated <i>E. coli</i> Biofilms

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: Clostridioides difficile Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections

Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing: Clostridioides difficile Biofilm as a Reservoir for Recurrent Infections

Insulin Acts as Stimulatory Agent in Diabetes-Related Escherichia Coli Pathogenesis

Insulin Regulation of Escherichia coli Abiotic Biofilm Formation: Effect of Nutrients and Growth Conditions

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