Effect of hydration state on resistance exercise-induced endocrine markers of anabolism, catabolism, and metabolism

Abstract

Hypohydration (decreased total body water) exacerbates the catabolic hormonal response to endurance exercise with unclear effects on anabolic hormones. Limited research exists that evaluates the effect of hypohydration on endocrine responses to resistance exercise; this work merits attention as the acute postexercise hormonal environment potently modulates resistance training adaptations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hydration state on the endocrine and metabolic responses to resistance exercise. Seven healthy resistance-trained men (age = 23 +/- 4 yr, body mass = 87.8 +/- 6.8 kg, body fat = 11.5 +/- 5.2%) completed three identical resistance exercise bouts in different hydration states: euhydrated (EU), hypohydrated by approximately 2.5% body mass (HY25), and hypohydrated by approximately 5.0% body mass (HY50). Investigators manipulated hydration status via controlled water deprivation and exercise-heat stress. Cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, testosterone, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, glucose, lactate, glycerol, and free fatty acids were measured during euhydrated rest, immediately preceding resistance exercise, immediately postexercise, and during 60 min of recovery. Body mass decreased 0.2 +/- 0.4, 2.4 +/- 0.4, and 4.8 +/- 0.4% during EU, HY25, and HY50, respectively, supported by humoral and urinary changes that clearly indicated subjects achieved three distinct hydration states. Hypohydration significantly 1) increased circulating concentrations of cortisol and norepinephrine, 2) attenuated the testosterone response to exercise, and 3) altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These results suggest that hypohydration can modify the hormonal and metabolic response to resistance exercise, influencing the postexercise circulatory milieu.

Influence of Acqua Lete® (Bicarbonate Calcic Natural Mineral Water) Hydration on Blood Lactate After Exercise

“…In fact after exercise (T5) both groups had a blood glucose level significantly lower than before the exercise (T0) (Group A: 4.1 ± 0.3 vs 4.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L, p<0.05; Group B: 4.6±0.5 vs 5.0±0.6 mmol/L, p<0.05). Hydration status can modify the hormonal and metabolic response to exercise, influencing carbohydrate metabolism [36]. In fact during moderate intensity exercise, lactate competes with blood-glucose as a metabolic substrate and may represent a mechanism of protection against premature hypoglycemia during prolonged exercise.…”

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Ins/Del Polymorphism and Body Composition: The Intermediary Role of Hydration Status

“…Both in adults and children, cell dehydration has been associated with adverse outcomes [2]. In particular, insulin resistance [3], decreased sympathetic nervous activity [4], an exaggerated cortisol [5] and immune response to exercise [6], impaired thermoregulation [7], and physical performance [8] have been linked to a compromised hydration status in the long terms. Moreover, effects of cell dehydration are even worst in case of critical illness [2].…”

Suplementação com carboidratos durante treinamento intensivo aumenta as concentrações de lipídios intramiocelulares e reduz os marcadores de lesão tecidual em corredores competitivos: interação hormonal e metabólica

“…No que diz respeito à depleção e à ressíntese de glicogênio, perda ou ganho de massa muscular e controle da gordura corporal, a resposta dos hormônios testosterona, crescimento (GH), fator de crescimento insulina-símile (IGF-1) e cortisol tem sido utilizada em alguns estudos para monitorização do estado catabólico (Judelson, 2008;.…”

“…Independente do tipo de exercício, a ingestão calórica e a concentração de nutrientes da dieta podem influenciar a respostao hormonal no organismo, auxiliando no controle dos mecanismos fisiológicos relacionados à recuperação pós-exercício intenso. No que diz respeito à depleção e à ressíntese de glicogênio, perda ou ganho de massa muscular e controle da gordura corporal, a resposta dos hormônios testosterona, crescimento (GH), fator de crescimento insulina-símile (IGF-1) e cortisol tem sido utilizada em alguns estudos para monitorização do estado catabólico (Judelson, 2008;. …”

“…A number of research groups (see Judelson et al 2008;) have focused on the responses of the hormones testosterone, GH, cortisol, and IGF-1 in monitoring nutritional status when considering depletion and resynthesis of glycogen, loss or gain of muscle mass, and control of body fat.…”