Effect of hydrazine and hydroxylaminophosphate on chrome plating from trivalent electrolytes

Surviliene, S.; Jasulaitienė, Vitalija; Nivinskienė, Ona; Češūnienė, A.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.01.122

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It can be seen that oxygen was incorporated into all samples, perhaps in the form of an oxide or hydroxide due to the pH increase in the cathode during the electrode reaction. Phosphorus was also incorporated to the coatings when hypophosphite was added to the solution, as found by XPS analysis in [9][10][11]. On the other hand, aluminum was not detected by EDX measurements in coatings obtained from solutions containing AlCl 3 .…”

Section: Uv-visible Spectramentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Surviliene et al [9] and Boasong et al [10] have found that some elements present as compounds in the solutions such as oxygen, carbon and phosphorus are incorporated into the coatings and thus modify their structure.…”

Section: +3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baral [8], Baosong [10] and Survilliene [9,11] have studied the effect of the operating conditions such as the pH, temperature, current density and adding agents on the cathodic efficiency, morphology and structure of deposits, obtaining a response variable dependence in all cases.…”

Section: +3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chromium should then form a complex with a compound (ligand) that can easily slide the Cr +3 ions and thus lead to its reduction to Cr 0 [4][5][6][7]. The main complexing agents are: sodium hypophosphite and glycine, as well as other chelating agents such carboxylic acids or salts, urea, thiourea, thiocyanates, dimethylformamide, hydracine or hydroxyl-aminophosphates [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: +3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Resistance of Decorative Chromium Films Obtained From Trivalent Chromium Solutions

Suárez

Olaya

Suárez

et al. 2012

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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In this work, the resistance to corrosion of chromium films obtained from trivalent chromium solutions of different compositions and the influence of solution compounds on the coatings electrochemical behavior and the microstructure were studied. The chromium coatings were obtained from trivalent solutions in a chloride-based bath with different complexing agents adding also sodium hypophosphite and aluminum chloride. UV-vis spectroscopy was carried out on all solutions before and after plating to observe changes in the chromium complexes chemical state due to the plating process. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) were performed to examine the coatings surface morphology and composition; respectively. The coulometric method was used for measuring coating thickness. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was done using 3% NaCl as electrolyte and using a three-electrode cell with a standard calomel electrode (SCE) as reference. Bright chromium films were obtained from all baths however, differences were observed concerning morphology, thickness and corrosion resistance depending on the composition of the forming solution.Keywords: Trivalent chromium, plating, microstructure, corrosion resistance. [9,11] have studied the effect of the operating conditions such as the pH, temperature, current density and adding agents on the cathodic efficiency, morphology and structure of deposits, obtaining a response variable dependence in all cases.Other authors have reported the effect of reaction conditions during Cr +3 complexation in previous works [2][3], as well as the effect of sodium formate and acetate present in the solution on the chromium film morphology and corrosion resistance. In this work sodium hypophosphite and aluminum chloride were added to the basic formate and formate plus acetate baths to study the electrochemical behavior of the chromium films. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the electrochemical behavior of the chromium coatings. The coating morphology and composition were studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and films thickness was measured by the coulometric method [12] which also allow us to calculate the cathode efficiency. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS Experimental designThe underlying goal of this study was to correlate chromium coating corrosion resistance to a set of factors such as: complexing, addition agents and time exposition to a corrosive environment. The Minitab software was used for designing and analyzing the experiments; Variance analysis (ANOVA) was used for analyzing the experimental results. The experimental order was randomized to ensure against the effect of time-related variables and also to satisfy statistical requirements independence of the observations. Each experiment was carried out with two replicates, until experiments were completed according to the design layout. ElectroplatingAll chemicals used were Sigma Aldrich reagent grade. Solutions were formulated wit...

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Section: Uv-visible Spectramentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: +3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: +3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: +3mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Corrosion Resistance of Decorative Chromium Films Obtained From Trivalent Chromium Solutions

Suárez

Olaya

Suárez

et al. 2012

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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“…It has been shown that problems in syn thesis of thick Cr deposits from Cr(III) solutions are primarily due to the processes of hydrolysis of the elec trolyte components in the near electrode layer and further inclusion of low soluble hydroxy compounds of chromium into the deposit [12,13]. Therefore, a correct choice of the nature and concentration of organic additives (ligands, buffers, water-soluble polymers) allowing providing the optimum state of the near electrode layer in the process of chromium plat ing and suppressing hydroxide formation is of funda mental importance [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of nanocrystalline chromium-carbon alloys from electrolyte based on trivalent chromium sulfate using pulsed current

Данилов

Protsenko

Gordiienko

et al. 2012

Prot Met Phys Chem Surf

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Chromium electrodeposition from Cr(VI) low concentration solutions

et al. 2007

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This work presents a study of a hard chromium plating process using low concentration H 2 CrO 4 baths. In particular, the effect of different values of CrO 3 /H 2 SO 4 ratio on coating properties such as adhesion, hardness, surface roughness, apparent density and microstructure were considered. To increase the solution conductivity, avoiding long deposition times and low throwing power typical of dilute solutions, the behaviour of various inorganic compounds was investigated. Specifically, the compounds suitable for obtaining brighter coatings with lower surface roughness values than those obtained using Fink's solutions were Na 2 SO 4 and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 9 18H 2 O. A bath composition was identified, with a limited use of Cr(VI) in a solution able to produce coatings with a better surface roughness than those of conventional industrial baths.

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Effect of hydrazine and hydroxylaminophosphate on chrome plating from trivalent electrolytes

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

Corrosion Resistance of Decorative Chromium Films Obtained From Trivalent Chromium Solutions

Corrosion Resistance of Decorative Chromium Films Obtained From Trivalent Chromium Solutions

Electrodeposition of nanocrystalline chromium-carbon alloys from electrolyte based on trivalent chromium sulfate using pulsed current

Chromium electrodeposition from Cr(VI) low concentration solutions

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