The composition of the essential oil of Daucus carota L. ssp. carota seeds (fruits) collected from ecologically clean localities and in polluted areas near the roads was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils from all samples were of the sabinene (28.2-37.5%) chemotype. The other major constituents were α-pinene (16.0-24.5%), terpinen-4-ol (4.6-7.5%), γ-terpinene (2.9-6.0%) and limonene (2.3-4.0%). The oils consisted of 83.4-95.1% monoterpenoids (monoterpene hydrocarbons made up 60.5-74.8%) and 3.4-10.5% sesquiterpenoids. The ratio of sesquiterpenoids and monoterpenoids from clean localities and from the areas near the roads was found to be different (probably due to pollution). Identified compounds made up 92.1-99.5% of the oil.

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This work provides a new insight into the interaction of urea with formate during the chromium electrodeposition from a sulphate-based Cr(III) solution. The influence of solution chemistry on chromium electrodeposition in a Cr(III) bath containing sodium formate and urea as complexing agents was studied by FT-IR, XPS and AFM. The results show that good quality Cr coatings may be obtained only in those cases when the secondary ligand with the carbamidic group predominates over urea in the electrolyte. This suggests that electrodeposition of good quality chromium deposit is possible due to the formation of active chromium-carbamid complexes [Cr(carbamid) n (H 2 O) 6-n ] 3+ . These complexes delay the formation of the stable oligomeric species, and thus provide a prolonged working lifetime in the Cr(III) formate-urea electrolyte.

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