Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide on Amino Acid Profiles in Kiwifruit Buds during Budbreak

Walton, Eric F.; Clark, C.J.; Boldingh, Helen

doi:10.1104/pp.97.3.1256

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…7A) and free Pro accumulates more in flowers than in leaves of flowering plants (5.2% of the total free amino acid pool versus 0.5%) (N. Verbruggen, unpublished data). These observations support the idea that Pro is likely to play a role in flower development, as suggested by Vansuyt et al (1979), Mutters et al (1989), and Walton et al (1991). Furthennore, AT-P5CI transcripts are very abundant in ripening seeds, which have to face drought stress.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Osmoregulation of a Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana

1993

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Osmoregulation of a Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana

1993

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“…Moreover, in kiwifruit, the onset of flowering seems to be associated with an accumulation of proline (Walton et al, 1991). Proline is supposed to derive from translocation from leaves to flowers (Savoure et al, 1995).…”

Section: Potential Functions Of Proline Transporters During Floweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt stress-induced proline transporters and salt stress-repressed broad specificity amino acid permeases identified by suppression of a yeast amino acid permease-targeting mutant.

et al. 1996

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A yeast mutant lacking SHRS, a protein specifically required for correct targeting of plasma membrane amino acid permeases, was used to study the targeting of plant transportem and as a tool to isolate new SHR3-independent amino acid transportem. For this purpose, an shr3 mutant was transformed with an Arabidopsis cDNA library. Thirty-four clones were capable of growth under selective conditions, but none showed homology with SHR3. However, genes encoding eight different amino acid transportem belonging to three different transporter families were isolated. Five of these are members of the general amino acid permease (AAP) gene family, one is a member of the NTR family, encoding an oligopeptide transporter, and two belong to a new class of transporter genes. A functional analysis of the latter two genes revealed that they encode specific proline transporters (ProT) that are distantly related to the AAP gene family. PfoTT was found to be expressed in all organs, but highest levels were found in roots, stems, and flowers. Expression in flowers was highest in the floral stalk phloem that enters the carpels and was downregulated after fertilization, indicating a specific role in supplying the ovules with proline. ProT2 transcripts were found ubiquitously throughout the plant, but expression was strongly induced under water or salt stress, implying that ProT2 plays an important role in nitrogen distribution during water stress, unlike members of the AAPgene family whose expression was repressed under the same conditions. These results corroborate the general finding that under water stress, amino acid export is impaired whereas proline export is increased.

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“…The procedure was repeated with 10 flowers harvested at h 31 and conducting efflux between h 32 and 36. Separation and quantitation of sugars was as described by Bieleski (1994) and that of amino acids was as described by Walton et al (1991).…”

Section: Attached Detachedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset of Phloem Export from Senescent Petals of Daylily

Bieleski

1995

Plant Physiol.

102

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~~During senescence, petals of attached daylily (Hemerocallis hybrid cv Cradle Song) flowers lost 95% sugar and 65% dry weight over the first 24 h, with 30% of dry weight loss coming from nonsugar components. Detaching flowers did not delay senescence, but halted loss of carbohydrate and amino acid, suggesting that loss in the intact state was due to phloem export. Peta1 autolysis occurred mainly in the interveinal parenchyma, causing vascular strands to begin separating from the petal mass. Such vascular strands still stained with tetrazolium and accumulated sucrose, indicating a retained viability. Their sucrose accumulation rates were high in comparison with those of other plant tissues, and the accumulated product was mainly sucrose. Sucrose synthesis took place in the senescent petal, and sucrose was the principal sugar in phloem exudate, whereas hydroxyproline and glutamine were the main transport amino acids. ['4ClSucrose applied t o attached senescent flowers was rapidly translocated t o other parts of the plant, particularly developing flower buds. Thus, onset of phloem export allowed most of the soluble carbohydrate and amino acid in the senescing flower t o be retrieved by the plant. Additional salvaged material came from proteins and possibly from structural carbohydrate. Over a 12-h period, the flower switched from acting as a strong carbohydrate sink during expansion t o become a strong source during senescence. This rapid reversal offers potential for phloem transport studies.The daylily, Hemerocallis hybrid cv Cradle Song, has been useful for studying development and senescence processes in flowers. First, its ephemeral flower has been shown to have severa1 features of senescence common to other, slower-declining plant tissues . When the first physical signs of senescence begin to appear (wilting, then onset of autolysis in the petal tips, later extending over the whole petal), there is a small but well-defined respiration climacteric, an increase in apparent free space, an increase in efflux of sugars and ions, and a change in the phospholipid pattern. Rather surprisingly, the ability of petals to accumulate phosphate and to maintain phosphate ester synthesis (along with a high energy charge) survives well into senescence. Second, the daylily does not respond to ethylene nor to ethylene inhibitors in its senescence and produces only traces of ethylene, leading to the conclusion

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Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide on Amino Acid Profiles in Kiwifruit Buds during Budbreak

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Osmoregulation of a Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana

Osmoregulation of a Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana

Salt stress-induced proline transporters and salt stress-repressed broad specificity amino acid permeases identified by suppression of a yeast amino acid permease-targeting mutant.

Onset of Phloem Export from Senescent Petals of Daylily

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