Effect of<i>Bt</i>Corn for Corn Rootworm Control on Nontarget Soil Microarthropods and Nematodes

Al-Deeb, Mohammad Ali; Wilde, Gerald E.; Blair, John M.; Todd, T. C.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-32.4.859

Cited by 82 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, no effect on micro-arthropod communities colonizing the residues was observed between the Bt and non-Bt genotypes, for either of the two hybrid pairs. Our findings are supported by those of Al-Deeb et al (2003) who found that numbers of soil mites (Prostigmata, Mesostigmata, and Oribatei), collembola, and nematodes were similar in soil planted with Bt corn and soil planted with its non-Bt isoline. Similarly, Honemann et al (2008) report no differences in micro-arthropod decomposer communities between nine corn varieties including Bt and non-Bt isolines.…”

Section: Decomposer Community Compositionsupporting

confidence: 90%

In-field rates of decomposition and microbial communities colonizing residues vary by depth of residue placement and plant part, but not by crop genotype for residues from two Cry1Ab Bt corn hybrids and their non-transgenic isolines

Londoño-R

Tarkalson²,

Thies

2013

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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a b s t r a c tThe adoption of Bt corn has been largely overshadowed by concerns about their unintended effects on human health and the environment. Residues of transgenic Bt crops decomposed more slowly than their non-transgenic isolines in one laboratory study, although no mechanism to explain these observations was proposed. If Bt crop residues were to decompose more slowly in field soils, changes in carbon cycling and nutrient availability could result. We compared the in-field decomposition rates and diversity of decomposers colonizing residues of two Cry1Ab Bt corn hybrids, active against the European corn borer, with their non-transgenic isolines in litterbags placed in a Nebraska field. After five months, we found no significant differences in either the rates of residue mass loss or in the bacterial, fungal or microarthropod communities colonizing the transgenic versus the non-transgenic residues. Instead, both residue mass loss and detritivore colonizers were significantly affected by residue placement (surface versus buried) and plant part, demonstrating that environmental factors and residue quality, not the presence of the Cry1Ab protein, were the key drivers of residue decomposition and detritivore colonization in this study.

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Section: Decomposer Community Compositionsupporting

confidence: 90%

In-field rates of decomposition and microbial communities colonizing residues vary by depth of residue placement and plant part, but not by crop genotype for residues from two Cry1Ab Bt corn hybrids and their non-transgenic isolines

Londoño-R

Tarkalson²,

Thies

2013

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…Furthermore, they can provide useful information on soil food web dynamics (DuPont et al, 2009). In general, previous studies showed that numbers of soil mites (Prostigmata, Mesostigmata and Oribatei), Collembola and nematodes were similar in soil planted with Bt maize and soil planted with its isoline (Al-Deeb et al, 2003). The effects of Bt on soil nematodes were relatively small compared to the effects of soil type, plant growth stage and insecticide application (Griffiths et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Wei et al (2003) demonstrated that Cry5B, Cry14A, Cry21A and Cry6A were toxic to four bacterial-feeding nematode species. Al-Deeb et al (2003) and Höss et al (2011) found no effect of Cry3Bb1 in Bt maize on Caenorhabditis elegans. Later, it was found that three insecticidal Cry proteins showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on Caenorhabditis elegans reproduction (EC50: 0.12 -0.38 μmol L −1 ), at concentrations that were far above the expected soil concentrations (Höss et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of transgenic insect-resistant maize to the community structure of soil nematodes in two field trials

Čerevková

Cagáň

2015

Helminthologia

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of Bt maize hybrid cultivation on soil nematode communities in two field trials, as well as to analyse other factors (fertilisation and moisture) responsible for the community structure of soil nematodes. Nematode communities were studied in maize plots at the locality of Borovce in western Slovakia. During 2012 and 2013, hybrids DK440 and DKC3871 (conventional) or DKC4442YG and DKC3872YG (Bt maize, event MON810) were sown in 10 repetitions each. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples collected at the maize flowering (July 11, 2012 and July 30, 2013). Altogether, 39 nematode species belonged to 35 genera were identified in two maize variants. The dominant taxa in both variants were Acrobeloides nanus, Cephalobus persegnis, Aphelenchoides composticola, Aphelenchus avenae, Eudorylaimus carteri and Filenchus vulgaris. Calculation of the maturity index, plant parasitic index, enrichment index and structure index did not confirm any clear influence of year or hybrid type on soil nematode communities. The proportional representation of cp-1, cp-2 and cp-3-5 groups of nematode fauna indicated conditions of low stability and high stress. Faunal profiles representing the structure and enrichment conditions of the soil food web showed an environment with a high C:N ratio and high levels of fungal feeders. Based on the calculation of the metabolic footprint of nematodes in the soil food web, a difference between the isoline maize variant and Bt maize variant in 2012 was found, but this difference was not readily apparent in 2013. The occurrence of nematodes, their abundance, proportion of feeding types and selected ecological indices did not depend on the type of maize hybrid (Bt or nonBt). Thus, the cultivation of genetically modified maize did not directly influence nematode populations. The application of fertiliser at certain periods does not influence the nematode community. The observed significant higher abundance of nematodes was correlated with soil moisture.

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“…These data are relevant because many entomopathogens inhabit the soil. In two studies, the abundance of all nematodes (both entomopathogenic and non-entomopathogenic) did not differ among experimental soils from non-Bt maize fields, Bt maize fields, and soil amended with tissue of Bt maize (Saxena and Stotzky, 2001a;Al-Deeb et al, 2005). However, another comparison of samples from Bt and non-Bt maize fields revealed a lower abundance of nematodes in Bt fields (Griffiths et al, 2005).…”

Section: Entomopathogensmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control

et al. 2009

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Insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops pervade many modern cropping systems (especially field-cropping systems), and present challenges and opportunities for developing biologically based pest-management programs. Interactions between biological control agents (insect predators, parasitoids, and pathogens) and GM crops exceed simple toxicological relationships, a priority for assessing risk of GM crops to non-target species. To determine the compatibility of biological control and insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM crop traits within integrated pest-management programs, this synthesis prioritizes understanding the bi-trophic and prey/host-mediated ecological pathways through which natural enemies interact within cropland communities, and how GM crops alter the agroecosystems in which natural enemies live. Insect-resistant crops can affect the quantity and quality of non-prey foods for natural enemies, as well as the availability and quality of both target and non-target pests that serve as prey/hosts. When they are used to locally eradicate weeds, herbicide-tolerant crops alter the agricultural landscape by reducing or changing the remaining vegetational diversity. This vegetational diversity is fundamental to biological control when it serves as a source of habitat and nutritional resources. Some inherent qualities of both biological control and GM crops provide opportunities to improve upon sustainable IPM systems. For example, biological control agents may delay the evolution of pest resistance to GM crops, and suppress outbreaks of secondary pests not targeted by GM plants, while herbicide-tolerant crops facilitate within-field management of vegetational diversity that can enhance the efficacy of biological control agents. By examining the ecological compatibility of biological control and GM crops, and employing them within an IPM framework, the sustainability and profitability of farming may be improved. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. b s t r a c tInsect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops pervade many modern cropping systems (especially field-cropping systems), and present challenges and opportunities for developing biologically based pest-management programs. Interactions between biological control agents (insect predators, parasitoids, and pathogens) and GM crops exceed simple toxicological relationships, a priority for assessing risk of GM crops to non-target species. To determine the compatibility of biological control and insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM crop traits within integrated pest-management programs, this synthesis prioritizes understanding the bi-trophic and prey/host-mediated ecological pathways through which natural enemies interact within cropland communities, and how GM crops alter the agroecosystems in which natural enemies live. Insect-resistant crops can...

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Effect ofBtCorn for Corn Rootworm Control on Nontarget Soil Microarthropods and Nematodes

Cited by 82 publications

References 24 publications

In-field rates of decomposition and microbial communities colonizing residues vary by depth of residue placement and plant part, but not by crop genotype for residues from two Cry1Ab Bt corn hybrids and their non-transgenic isolines

In-field rates of decomposition and microbial communities colonizing residues vary by depth of residue placement and plant part, but not by crop genotype for residues from two Cry1Ab Bt corn hybrids and their non-transgenic isolines

Effect of transgenic insect-resistant maize to the community structure of soil nematodes in two field trials

Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control

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