Effect of Impact Angle on Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion

Hattori, Shuji; Kakuichi, Masaya

doi:10.1299/kikaia.78.1023

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…By contrast, the maximum stresses in the polyurethane layers develop late in the water drop distortion cycle when severe distortions of the drop are present. The angle of attack q affects the stress situation as well, by decreasing the impact velocity of the droplet, in the direction normal to the surface, roughly with sin q [32].…”

Section: Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leading edge erosion of coated wind turbine blades: Review of coating life models

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tErosion of the leading edge of wind turbine blades by droplet impingement wear, reduces blade aerodynamic efficiency and power output. Eventually, it compromises the integrity of blade surfaces. Elastomeric coatings are currently used for erosion resistance, yet the life of such coatings cannot be predicted accurately. This review paper gives an overview of experimentally validated erosion model blocks that can be used to predict the life of the leading edge of coated wind turbine blades. From the reviewed work it is concluded that surface fatigue, as nucleating wear mechanism for erosion damage, can explain erosive wear and failure of the coatings. An engineering approach to surface fatigue, using the PalmgreneMiner rule for cumulative damage, allows for the construction of a rain erosion incubation period equation. Coating life was described as a function of the rain intensity, the droplet diameter, the fatigue properties of the coating and the severity of the conditions. It is recommended to focus coating development on reduction of the impact pressure, e.g. by developing surfaces with a low modulus of elasticity; or on enlarging the safe area by: developing coatings with adjustable compressive stresses and hardness, or coatings without defects and impurities.

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Section: Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leading edge erosion of coated wind turbine blades: Review of coating life models

et al. 2015

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“…38,46,56 Intact length is the minimum distance from the nozzle over which the liquid jet is still connected. 57 –59 The effect of the SOD on the erosion volume can be explained in four steps. As can be seen in Figure 8, erosion starts immediately after the incubation period and is then followed by the acceleration, maximum rate, deceleration and terminal erosion stages.…”

Section: Erosion Of the Wind Turbine Bladementioning

confidence: 99%

Rain erosion-resistant coatings for wind turbine blades: A review

Dashtkar

Hadavinia

Şahinkaya

et al. 2019

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Wind blades are the most expensive parts of wind turbines made from fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The blades play a critical role on the energy production, but they are prone to damage like any other composite components. Leading edge (LE) erosion of the wind turbine blades is one of the common damages, causing a reduction in the annual energy production especially in offshore wind turbine farms. This erosion can be caused by rain, sand and flying solid particles. Coating the blade against erosion using appropriate materials can drastically reduce these losses and hence is of great interest. The sol–gel technique is a convenient method to manufacture thin film coatings, which can protect the blades against the rain erosion, while having negligible effect on the weight of the blades. This article provides an extensive review of the liquid erosion mechanism, water erosion testing procedures and the contributing factors to the erosion of the LE of wind turbine blades. Techniques for improving the erosion resistance of the LE using carbon nanotubes and graphene nano-additives are also discussed.

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“…It is observed from the table that erosion resistance of inconel 625 to liquid impact is 5 times greater than the reference material, but the erosion resistance of 1018 to liquid impact erosion-corrosion is about 7 times less than SS-316. In order to examine the validity of the proposed model, some experimental values of erosion ratio (obtained from paddle wheel apparatus) for mild steel from ASTM STP 474 [14] and carbon pipe steel (S15C) [12] represented by diamonds and triangles have been compared to the model predictions represented by the dashed line for four different impact velocities in Fig.4. The vertical axis shows the erosion ratio, and the corresponding impact velocities (in m/s) are shown on the horizontal axis.…”

Section: Model Development and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Erosional Velocity Due to Liquid Droplets with Application to Oil and Gas Industry Production

Arabnejad

Shirazi

McLaury

et al. 2013

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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The American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 14E (API RP 14E) describes a method for calculating an "erosional" velocity, a threshold velocity at which it is presumably safe to operate. The origin of this guideline appears to remain a mystery, but some authors and operators assume that the basis for API RP 14E is erosion due to liquid droplet impacts. However, there is no experimental evidence supporting this idea. In this work, a method has been developed to calculate erosion resulting from liquid impact for pipeline materials that are used in oil and gas industry applications. Material loss data has been collected for several oil field materials such as stainless and carbon steels, chromium alloys, inconel and duplex utilizing specimens that were mounted on a rotating flywheel and impacting liquid jets. The data and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) G73 guideline are combined to develop a method for calculating erosion resulting from liquid droplets impacting the surface of the pipe materials under specific flow conditions. The results from this model have been compared to data provided in the literature for both liquid jets and droplets impacting specimens utilizing different materials, droplet sizes or jet diameters and velocities. Although the model was developed based on data at relatively low velocity conditions, the results agree well with data for a variety of flow speeds and conditions. Furthermore, the model for liquid impact erosion is used to predict threshold velocities for specific flow conditions for elbow geometry to avoid erosion-corrosion due to liquid impacts. Moreover, the results of this model are compared for several different flow conditions with API RP 14E. It is shown that the trend of the erosional velocity calculated by the API guideline does not correlate with the erosional velocity calculated by the present method that is based on the liquid droplet erosion model.The model presented in this work will be improved as more data and information becomes available. An example is provided in which Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations are being used for different droplet and impinging jet diameters to improve the performance of the model.

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Effect of Impact Angle on Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Leading edge erosion of coated wind turbine blades: Review of coating life models

Leading edge erosion of coated wind turbine blades: Review of coating life models

Rain erosion-resistant coatings for wind turbine blades: A review

Calculation of Erosional Velocity Due to Liquid Droplets with Application to Oil and Gas Industry Production

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