Effect of incremental levels of sunflower-seed oil in the diet on ruminal lipid metabolism in lactating cows

Shingfield, Kevin J.; Ahvenjärvi, Seppo; Toivonen, Vesa; Vanhatalo, Aila; Huhtanen, Pekka; Griinari, J. M.

doi:10.1017/s0007114507853323

Cited by 109 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Fish oil or marine algal oil rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet are known to inhibit the complete biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids resulting in an increase in ruminal trans 18:1 and trans 18:2 outflow Kim et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2008). Incubations with rumen micro-organisms have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; cis-5, cis-8, cis-11, cis-14, cis-17 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; Figure 2 Putative pathways describing cis-9, cis-12 18:2 metabolism in the rumen (adapted from Harfoot and Hazlewood, 1988;Hudson et al, 1998;Wallace et al, 2007;Shingfield et al, 2008a). Arrows with solid lines highlight the major biohydrogenation pathway, whereas arrows with dashed lines describe the formation of minor fatty acid metabolites.…”

Section: Ruminal Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arrows with solid lines highlight the major biohydrogenation pathway, whereas arrows with dashed lines describe the formation of minor fatty acid metabolites. cis-9,trans-11, cis-15 18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis- Figure 3 Putative pathways describing cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18:3 metabolism in the rumen (adapted Harfoot and Hazlewood, 1988;Destaillats et al, 2005;Wą sowska et al, 2006 andShingfield et al, 2008a). Arrows with solid lines highlight the major biohydrogenation pathway, whereas arrows with dashed lines describe the formation of minor fatty acid metabolites.…”

Section: Ruminal Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

336

427

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Fat is an important constituent contributing to the organoleptic, processing and physical properties of ruminant milk. Understanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk energy secretion and improve the energy balance of lactating ruminants. Nutrition is the major environmental factor regulating the concentration and composition of fat in ruminant milk. Feeding low-fibre/high-starch diets and/or lipid supplements rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine, typically increase milk fat secretion in the caprine, whereas limited data in sheep suggest that the responses are more similar to the goat than the cow. Following the observation that reductions in milk fat synthesis during diet-induced MFD are associated with increases in the concentration of specific trans fatty acids in milk, the biohydrogenation theory of MFD was proposed, which attributes the causal mechanism to altered ruminal lipid metabolism leading to increased formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates that exert anti-lipogenic effects. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the only biohydrogenation intermediate to have been infused at the abomasum over a range of experimental doses (1.25 to 14.0 g/day) and shown unequivocally to inhibit milk fat synthesis in ruminants. However, increases in ruminal trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation do not explain entirely diet-induced MFD, suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates and/or other mechanisms may also be involved. Experiments involving abomasal infusions (g/day) in lactating cows have provided evidence that cis-10, trans-12 CLA (1.2), trans-9, cis-11 CLA (5.0) and trans-10 18:1 (92.1) may also exert anti-lipogenic effects. Use of molecular-based approaches have demonstrated that mammary abundance of transcripts encoding for key lipogenic genes are reduced during MFD in the bovine, changes that are accompanied by decrease in sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and alterations in the expression of genes related to the SREBP1 pathway. Recent studies indicate that transcription of one or more adipogenic genes is increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cows during acute or chronic MFD. Feeding diets of similar composition do not induce MFD or substantially alter mammary lipogenic gene expression in the goat. The available data suggests that variation in mammary fatty acid secretion and lipogenic responses to changes in diet composition between ruminants reflect inherent interspecies differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and mammary specific regulation of cellular processes and key lipogenic enzymes involved in the synthesis of milk fat triacylglycerides.Keywords: milk fat, trans fatty acids, gene expression, lipogenesis, ruminants ImplicationsUnderstanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk-energ...

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Section: Ruminal Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ruminal Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

336

427

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“…Supplements of PUFA typically modify rumen fermentation, characterized by a shift toward propionate at the expense of acetate, butyrate, or both lipogenic VFA (Ueda et al, 2003;Hurtaud and Peyraud, 2007;Shingfield et al, 2008a). Changes in molar VFA proportions to plant oils may be related to the toxic effects of LA and ALA on specific cellulolytic and butyrate-producing bacteria (Maia et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such findings are consistent with a finite capacity for FA absorption in the small intestine of lactating cows ) that may be related to the saturation of 18:0 intestinal absorption at high postruminal flows . In cows fed grass silage or RCS diets, 18:0 is typically the major FA leaving the rumen (Shingfield et al, 2008a(Shingfield et al, , 2012Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Continuedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of incremental amounts of camelina oil on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on a mixture of grass and red clover silage and concentrates containing camelina expeller

Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau

Shingfield

Simpura

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Camelina is an ancient oilseed crop that produces an oil rich in cis-9,cis-12 18:2 (linoleic acid, LA) and cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA); however, reports on the use of camelina oil (CO) for ruminants are limited. The present study investigated the effects of incremental CO supplementation on animal performance, milk fatty acid (FA) composition, and milk sensory quality. Eight Finnish Ayrshire cows (91 d in milk) were used in replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with 21-d periods. Treatments comprised 4 concentrates (12 kg/d on an air-dry basis) based on cereals and camelina expeller containing 0 (control), 2, 4, or 6% CO on an air-dry basis. Cows were offered a mixture of grass and red clover silage (RCS; 1:1 on a dry matter basis) ad libitum. Incremental CO supplementation linearly decreased silage and total dry matter intake, and linearly increased LA, ALA, and total FA intake. Treatments had no effect on whole-tract apparent organic matter or fiber digestibility and did not have a major influence on rumen fermentation. Supplements of CO quadratically decreased daily milk and lactose yields and linearly decreased milk protein yield and milk taste panel score from 4.2 to 3.6 [on a scale of 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent)], without altering milk fat yield. Inclusion of CO linearly decreased the proportions of saturated FA synthesized de novo (4:0 to 16:0), without altering milk fat 18:0, cis-9 18:1, LA, and ALA concentrations. Milk fat 18:0 was low (<5 g/100 g of FA) across all treatments. Increases in CO linearly decreased the proportions of total saturates from 58 to 45 g/100 g of FA and linearly enriched trans-11 18:1, cis-9,trans-11 18:2, and trans-11,cis-15 18:2 from 5.2, 2.6, and 1.7 to 11, 4.3, and 5.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively. Furthermore, CO quadratically decreased milk fat trans-10 18:1 and linearly decreased trans-10,cis-12 18:2 concentration. Overall, milk FA composition on all treatments suggested that one or more components in camelina seeds may inhibit the complete reduction of 18-carbon unsaturates in the rumen. In conclusion, CO decreased the secretion of saturated FA in milk and increased those of the trans-11 biohydrogenation pathway or their desaturation products. Despite increasing the intake of 18-carbon unsaturated FA, CO had no effect on the secretions of 18:0, cis-9 18:1, LA, or ALA in milk. Concentrates containing camelina expeller and 2% CO could be used for the commercial production of low-saturated milk from grass-and RCS-based diets without major adverse effects on animal performance.

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“…Ruminal effects of feeding up to 500 g/day of plant oils have been small (e.g. Shingfield et al, 2008), but strong adverse effects of fat supplementation on NDF digestibility and rumen NDF turnover were observed at high levels (67 g/kg diet DM) of rapeseed oil supplementation in cattle fed a grass silagebased diet (Tesfa, 1993). The slopes of concentrate ME concentration on SDMI were similar in studies investigating the effects of concentrate carbohydrate composition and fat supplementation (20.386 and 20.374 kg DM/MJ ME per kg DM increase in concentrate ME).…”

Section: Concentrate Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of concentrate factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a development of the relative total diet intake index

Huhtanen

Rinne

Nousiainen

2008

Animal

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The aim of this work was to develop an index describing the relative intake of the total diet by dairy cows, and hence the ability to predict intake responses to changes in both forage and concentrate variables. An evaluation of concentrate factors affecting silage dry matter (DM) intake of dairy cows was conducted based on dietary treatment means from milk production experiments. The data were divided into four subsets according to concentrate treatments used within the experiments: the amount of concentrate supplementation (n 5 217), protein supplementation (n 5 336), carbohydrate composition (n 5 114) and fat concentration of the concentrate (n 5 29). The data were subjected to mixed-model regression analysis. Increased concentrate DM intake (CDMI) decreased silage DM intake (SDMI) quadratically. The substitution rate (substitution of silage DM for concentrate DM) increased with improved silage intake potential. SDMI increased quadratically with concentrate protein intake, the response being negatively related to the effective protein degradability (EPD) of concentrates. Replacement of starchy concentrate ingredients with fibrous supplements had a small positive effect on silage intake, whereas increased concentrate fat concentration slightly decreased SDMI. The outcome of concentrate factors influencing total DM intake (TDMI) was used to create a relative CDMI index as follows: CDMI index 5 100 1 10 3 [(CDMI 2 0.1629 3 CDMI 2 0.01882 3 CDMI 2 2 5.49) 1 ((0.9474 3 CCPI 2 0.4965 3 CCPI 2 ) 2 2.017 3 (CEPD 2 0.74)) 1 0.00225 3 (CNDF 2 250) 2 0.0103 3 (40 2 Cfat) 2 0.00058 3 (CDMI 2 8.0) 3 (SDMI index 2 100)], where CDMI 5 concentrate DM intake (kg/day), CCPI 5 supplementary concentrate CP intake (kg/day; CP.170 g/kg DM), CEPD 5 concentrate EPD (g/g), CNDF 5 concentrate NDF concentration (g/kg DM), Cfat 5 concentrate fat concentration (g/kg DM) and SDMI index is the relative intake potential of silage (Huhtanen, Rinne and Nousiainen 2007. Animal 1, 758-770). TDMI index was calculated as SDMI index 1 CDMI index 2 100 to describe the relative intake potential of the total diet. For the whole data set (n 5 943), one TDMI index unit was equivalent to 0.095 kg/day DM intake, i.e. close to the default value of 0.100 kg. The CDMI index explained proportionally 0.88 of the variation in TDMI within a study with a 0.27 kg/day residual meansquare error (n 5 616). The corresponding values for the TDMI index were 0.81 and 0.37 kg/day (n 5 943), respectively. The residual mean-square errors in cross-validation were marginally higher. The developed TDMI index can be used to estimate the intake responses to diet changes. It provides an improved basis for practical dairy cow ration formulation and economic evaluation.

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Effect of incremental levels of sunflower-seed oil in the diet on ruminal lipid metabolism in lactating cows

Cited by 109 publications

References 59 publications

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Effect of incremental amounts of camelina oil on milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed diets based on a mixture of grass and red clover silage and concentrates containing camelina expeller

Evaluation of concentrate factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a development of the relative total diet intake index

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