Effect of Induced Polyploidy on Plant Growth, Chlorophyll and Flavonoid Content of Artemisia cina

Abstract

Artemisia cina is one of a member of genus Artemisia that has potential as a medicinal plant. However, the levels of Artemisia medicinal bioactive compounds are very low. Polyploidization is an alternative method that can enhance of growth and secondary metabolite productions of plants. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of polyploid induction using colchicine and plant growth regulator toward plant growth, the chlorophyll, kaemferol and quercetin contents of A. cina. Four different A. cina used in this research consisted of two diploid genotypes (TWN and KJT) and two polyploid genotypes (J and M). Induction of mutant polyploid was conducted using colchicine and combination of plant growth regulator benziladenyl (BA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The measured plant growth parameters were dry weight, leaf area, and plant height. The chlorophyll content of leaves was determined spectrophotometrically, and flavonoid content determined using HPLC. The result showed that the polyploid genotype (M) significantly decreased leaf and root growth compared to the KJT and TWN. In A. cina plants, polyploidization using colchicine is more effective in increasing the biomass than using combination plant growth regulator BA and 2,4-D. The flavonoid content of KJT was the lowest, and significantly different compared to the other plants. This study provides new information about the effect of polyploid on growth and flavonoid content in A. cina. This can be useful information to develop A. cina to become a medicinal plant.

Rootstock potential of auto and Allotetraploid Citron [Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.] for Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] under hydroponic conditions: plant growth and some physiological characteristics

“…Fredes et al, (2016) and Levi et al, (2014), reported that the use of tetraploid (allo and auto) watermelon rootstocks with a strong root system can provide high graft compatibility and a high survival rate, while the increased chlorophyll content and high antioxidant activities of tetraploid watermelon rootstocks can promote plant growth and stress tolerance without negatively af- leaf width, compared to diploid orchids (Chung, Kuo, & Wu, 2017). Polyploid plants showed higher leaf and root growth compared to diploid plants in Artemisia cina (Kasmiyati, Kristiani, & Herawati, 2020), Kim et al, (2004), reported that the number of adventitious roots in polyploid ginseng plants is higher than in diploid plants.…”

Performance Evaluation of Induced Mutagenesis using Colchicine and EMS Solution on Cowpea M3 Purple and Mung Bean Vima1 to Increase Resistance

“…This increase in resistance was probably due to the increase of pod's flavonoid content, which produced the purple color of the pods. Kasmiyati et al (2020) reported induced polyploidy using colchicine be able to increase flavonoid content. Furthermore, flavonoid affect the behavior of aphid especially it could decrease sap ingestion activity (Goławska et al, 2014;Stec et al, 2021).…”

Induced autopolyploidy—a promising approach for enhanced biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites: an insight

“…Improvements in secondary biometabolites productions could be due to morphological, physiological as well as genetic manifestations engendered upon by induced autoploids. Some of such illustrative causes of autoploidy-mediated secondary metabolite augmentation are increase in stomatal sizes and densities leading to increased photosynthates output [ 67 ], heterosis and gene redundancy imparting transgressive meliorism [ 56 , 66 , 68 ]. Shmeit et al [ 62 ] reckoned that improvised primary metabolism could be the presumptive cause of ameliorated secondary metabolism.…”

“… Seed Colchicine; 0.2%; 24 h Diploid➔tetraploid (2n=4x=44) Increase in rebaudioside-A content (2.84%) [ 67 ] Artemisia cina Soaked in colchicine soln. Shoot Colchicine; 100 mg/l Diploid➔ tetraploid (2n=4x=36) Increase in quercetin content (1.34-fold); kaempferol content (1.47-fold) [ 68 ] Artemisia cina NM NM Colchicine; NM; NM Diploid➔ tetraploid (2n=4x=36) Increase in artemisinin content (NM) [ 69 ] Solanum tuberosum In vitro colchicine treatment ( Solanum tuberosum × Solanum kurtzianum ) Colchicine; NM; NM Diploid➔tetraploid (2n=4x=48) (Allotetraploid) Increase in sesquiterpenes (22-fold) [ 70 ] Oryzalin treatment Diploid line ( Solanum kurtzianum ) Oryzalin; NM; NM Diploid➔tetraploid (2n=4x=48) (Autotetraploid) Increase in sesquiterpenes (6-fold) 2 - IP 2-isopentenyl adenine; B5 Gamborg’s B5 media [ 71 ]; BA N 6 -benzyladenine; d days, DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide; LI light intensity; M1 media [woody basal salt mixture (2.3 g/l) + Murashige and Skoog modified vitamins (1000x) (1 ml/l) + Sucrose (25 g/l) + 2IP (3 μM) + Agar (7 g/l)]; m months; min minutes; MS Murashige and Skoog [ 72 ]; MSL MS Liquid Media; NAA α-naphthalene acetic acid; NM not mentioned; PP photoperiod; rpm rotation per minute; r . t .…”