Effect of Interleukin-1β on Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Rats with Various Behavioral Characteristics during Acute Stress

Abstract

We studied the effect of a pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β (5 μg/kg intraperitoneally) on blood leukocytes in Wistar rats various behavioral characteristics during acute emotional stress (1-h immobilization with simultaneous delivery of subthreshold electrocutaneous stimulation). Stress exposure was accompanied by a decrease in the total number of peripheral blood leukocytes in rats. Active animals were characterized by the increase in neutrophil count during stress. The number of eosinophils in passive specimens was shown to decrease under these conditions. Emotional stress was followed by a decrease in the lymphocyte index (by Shaganin) of active rats and increase in the leukocyte intoxication index (according to Kalf-Kalif) of passive specimens. Stress-induced changes in leukocytes differed after pretreatment with IL-1β. The number of blood leukocytes increased in animals receiving a cytokine injection before stress exposure. Exogenous IL-1β inverted (in active rats) or prevented (in passive specimens) a change in the percentage of various types of blood leukocytes, which was found after stress exposure. These data contribute to the understanding of peripheral mechanisms for the involvement of immunomodulatory cytokines in the systemic organization of physiological functions in specimens with different prognostic resistance to a similar stress exposure.

Some cross-talks between immune cells and epilepsy should not be forgotten

“…Several studies have reported that the percentage of peripheral monocytes was interictally elevated in patients with GLE/focal epilepsy [8,38]; moreover, the percentage seemed to be higher in patients with GLE than that was found in patients with focal epilepsy even after various types of antiepileptic medications [38].…”

“…PBCs express classical components of neurotransmitter systems [8], such as transporters of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAT), serotonin (SERT), and receptors of glutamate (GluR), which mediate important communications between peripheral system and CNS. Recent studies have suggested that platelets participate in CNDs through multiple pathways, including interrupting the integrity of BBB [9], mediating the infiltration and clearance of neutrophils [10], regulating the uptake of serotonin [11], and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [12][13][14], or controlling the production of prostaglandin (PG) [15], and activation of phospholipase a2 (PLA2) [16], however, the mechanism underlying these signaling cascades still remains poorly investigated.…”

“…Some reports demonstrated that alterations in peripheral cell count were transient (\24 h) after seizure onset, prolonged change may indicate existence or development of other diseases, such as acute stress, tumor, infection, and hematological disease [8,37]. However, it is also assumed that the recovery of immune response will delay if the release of inflammatory and excitotoxic mediators persists, which is particularly mediated by activated immune cells [46].…”

Lymphocyte Index of Peripheral Blood in Rats at Different Stages of the Post-Stress Period under Conditions of Antigenic Exposure and Injection of Lipopolysaccharide

“…Stress manifests itself as a systemic ramified reaction, accompanied by various impairments of physiological functions [9,12]. It is known that blood parameters are closely related to implementation of various physiological functions of the body [3]. Neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia are observed in the peripheral blood under conditions of negative emotiogenic loads [2].…”

“…Neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia are observed in the peripheral blood under conditions of negative emotiogenic loads [2]. Calculation of the lymphocyte index (LI) of peripheral blood in animals, based on the analysis of the ratio of the number of lymphocytes to neutrophils, allows express-diagnostics of stress [3].…”