Effect of Intestinal Microbiota Alteration on Hepatic Damage in Rats with Acute Rejection After Liver Transplantation

Xie, Yirui; Chen, Huazhong; Zhu, Bin; Qin, Nan; Chen, Yunbo; Li, Zhengfeng; Deng, Min; Jiang, Hai‐yin; Xu, Xiangfei; Yang, Jiezuan; Ruan, Bing; Li, Lanjuan

doi:10.1007/s00248-014-0452-z

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Table highlights the studies that have examined the use of nutritional therapy in human and animal organ transplants . We conducted searches in MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL from database inception to May 2019.…”

Section: Therapeutic Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplant associated infections—The role of the gastrointestinal microbiota and potential therapeutic options

et al. 2019

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Infectious complications are common following kidney transplantation and rank in the top five causes of death in patients with allograft function. Over the last 5 years, there has been emerging evidence that changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota following kidney transplantation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of transplant‐associated infections. Different factors have emerged which may disrupt the interaction between the gastrointestinal microbiota and the immune system, which may lead to infective complications in kidney transplant recipients. Over the last 5 years, there has been emerging evidence that changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota following kidney transplantation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of transplant‐associated infections. This review will discuss the structure and function of the gastrointestinal microbiota, the changes that occur in the gastrointestinal microbiota following kidney transplantation and the factors underpinning these changes, how these changes may lead to transplant‐associated infectious complications and potential treatments which may be instituted to mitigate this risk.

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Section: Therapeutic Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplant associated infections—The role of the gastrointestinal microbiota and potential therapeutic options

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, Pediococcus pentoseceus, Lactococcus raffinolactis , and Lactobacillus paracasei 19 inhibited bacterial translocation after liver resection in rats, and induced hepatocyte mitosis which was delayed by colonic anastomosis [46]. Combined Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus , and Enterococcus faecalis treatment in rats that underwent orthotopic liver transplantation protected against liver damage and acute rejection, and altered the intestinal and colonic microbiota by increasing the density of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species [47]. The treatment of synbiotics consisting of four different lactic acid producing bacteria ( Pediacoccus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus paracasei , and Lactobacillus plantarum ) plus four bioactive fibers (β-glucan, inulin, pectin, and resistant starch) improved liver function after liver resection in human [40].…”

Section: The Relationship Between Gut Microbes Liver Injury and LIVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of microbiota and bile acid in liver injury and regeneration

Liu

Keane

Sheng

et al. 2015

Journal of Hepatology

123

104

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Summary Studies examining the mechanisms by which the liver injures and regenerates usually focus on factors and pathways within the liver, neglecting the signaling derived from the gut-liver axis. The intestinal content is rich in microorganisms as well as metabolites generated from both the host and colonizing bacteria. Via the gut-liver axis, this complex “soup” exerts an immense impact on liver integrity and function. This review article summarizes data published in the past 30 years that have demonstrated the signaling derived from the gut-liver axis in relation to liver injury and regeneration. Despite many correlative findings, the intricate networks of pathways involved along with a scarcity of mechanistic data urgently require nutrigenomic, metabolomics, and microbiota profiling approaches to provide a deep understanding of the interplay between nutrition, bacteria, and host response. Such knowledge would better elucidate the molecular mechanisms that link microbiota alteration to host physiological response and vice-versa.

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“…The effect of intestinal microbiota alteration with antibiotics and probiotics on liver injury was then examined in immunocompetent rats undergoing LTX . Twenty‐four rats were divided into three groups; one received probiotics as compared to controls of gentamicin gut decontamination and saline lavage.…”

Section: Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No information regarding probiotic use or yogurt ingestion was available, and the study period predated the publication of the aforementioned infective preventative literature . Of note, Saccharomyces sp were not a component of any of the probiotic products in any of the available efficacy literature in LTX recipients…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Liver Transplantation

et al. 2018

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This article summarizes available literature regarding the utilization of probiotic and synbiotics in liver transplant (LTX) recipients, reviewing efficacy in both decreasing infectious complications and immunomodulation, as well as exploring safety concerns. Data suggest that the use of probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp, either alone or in combination with prebiotics (referred to as synbiotics), may be effective in reducing infectious complications after LTX, a major contributor to graft loss, hospital length of stay, and mortality. Literature evaluating the use of probiotics to induce tolerance, reduce rejection, and prevent damage associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury is limited to animal models but compelling, as it suggests the use of probiotics may augment deleterious immune-mediated processes in this population. While the benefits of probiotics should be weighed against potential risks, these concerns are largely theoretical in the LTX recipient, with the majority of evidence extrapolated from case reports in other immunosuppressed populations. Based on available literature, it may be prudent to avoid products containing Saccharomyces sp, as these were not used in the efficacy studies, and the majority of the adverse event reporting stems from the use of products containing this organism. Further evaluation of the safety and efficacy of probiotic therapy is warranted. Studies specifically designed to elucidate the optimal product and initiation scenario and delineate safety in this population are needed to allow expanded use of this inexpensive, relatively nontoxic, and potentially beneficial therapeutic option after LTX.

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Effect of Intestinal Microbiota Alteration on Hepatic Damage in Rats with Acute Rejection After Liver Transplantation

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

Transplant associated infections—The role of the gastrointestinal microbiota and potential therapeutic options

Transplant associated infections—The role of the gastrointestinal microbiota and potential therapeutic options

Implications of microbiota and bile acid in liver injury and regeneration

Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Liver Transplantation

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