Effect of Intra-Ply Hybrid Patches and Hydrothermal Aging on Local Bending Response of Repaired GFRP Composite Laminates

Andrew, J. Jefferson; Arumugam, Vellayaraj; Dhakal, Hom Nath

doi:10.3390/molecules25102325

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Gas-gun impact tests were performed to calculate the energy absorbed by the GFRP and SMA/GFRP specimens via different failure modes. From Figure 6 , for GFRP specimens, three major failure modes have been observed, which are primary fiber failure, matrix cracking, and delamination [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. In contrast, energy absorbed by SMA/GFRP impact specimens has two more extra modes, namely, the SMA pull-out and the SMA deformation modes ( Figure 7 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic Impact Behaviour of Glass/Epoxy Composite Laminates Embedded with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Wires

et al. 2020

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This paper aims to estimate the enhancement in the energy absorption characteristics of the glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRP) by embedding prestrained pseudo-elastic shape memory alloy (SMA) that was used as a secondary reinforcement. The pseudo-elastic SMA (PE-SMA) embedded were in the form of wires and have an equiatomic composition (i.e., 50%–50%) of nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti). These specimens are fabricated using a vacuum-assisted resin infusion process. The estimation is done for the GFRP and SMA/GFRP specimens at four different impact velocities (65, 75, 85, and 103 m/s) using a gas-gun impact set-up. At all different impact velocities, the failure modes change as we switch from GFRP to SMA/GFRP specimen. In the SMA/GFRP specimen, the failure mode changed from delamination in the primary region to SMA-pull out and SMA deformation. This leads to an increase in the ballistic limit. It is observed that energy absorbed by SMA/GFRP specimens is higher than the GFRP specimens subjected to the same levels of impact energy. To understand the damping capabilities of SMA embedment, vibration signals are captured, and the damping ratio is calculated. SMA dampens the vibrations imparted by the projectile to the specimen. The damping ratio of the SMA/GFRP specimens is higher than the GFRP specimens. The damping effect is more prominent below the ballistic limit when the projectile got rebounded (65 m/s).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic Impact Behaviour of Glass/Epoxy Composite Laminates Embedded with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Wires

et al. 2020

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“…21,22 The QSI test was used to investigate the out-of-plane mechanical properties of intra 23,24 and inter-ply [25][26][27] hybrid composites and their repairing applications. [28][29][30] However, the effects of hybridization types have not yet been clearly identified. In addition, although the effect of the high temperature was examined at higher degrees for hybrid composites 31,32 in the QSI test, the effects of lower temperatures need to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The QSI test was used to investigate the out‐of‐plane mechanical properties of intra 23,24 and inter‐ply 25–27 hybrid composites and their repairing applications 28–30 . However, the effects of hybridization types have not yet been clearly identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effects of hybridization types and temperature on the quasi‐static indentation properties of glass/flax hybrid composites for various test speeds

Korkmaz

Karakuzu

2023

Polymer Composites

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Hybridizing man-made fiber composites with natural fibers has been chosen for numerous structural or semi-structural applications over the last several decades. Even though several studies have been conducted to determine the mechanical properties of inter-ply hybrid composites, the effects of hybridization on the out-of-plane mechanical properties of hybrid composites still need to be clarified. The mechanical properties of hybrid composites at low temperatures are another significant matter to be elucidated. In this study, E-glass and flax yarns were used to produce woven fabrics to obtain intra-and interply hybrid composites. They were then subjected to the quasi-static indentation test at À30 C, 25 C, and 60 C. It was concluded that, according to the hybridization type, an improvement or decrease can be obtained in the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. The contact force and energy absorption properties of pure glass composite could be increased at 8.88% and 3.87% proportions respectively, thanks to the intra-ply hybrid composite-1 in the study. Furthermore, the through-thickness properties and damage mechanisms of hybrid composites were profoundly affected by the temperature.

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“…5 Temperature interactions with LVI loads induces complex manifestations of damage mechanisms within the composite materials. 13,14 The mechanical strength of CFRP laminates are weaken at elevated temperature. 15 In Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminate the matrix is reliant on the operating temperature and on the fabrication cycle, that influences the Glass Transition Temperature (Tg).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural after impact behaviour of carbon/epoxy and carbon/vinyl-ester composite laminates at elevated temperatures

Bhoominathan

Arumugam

Thompson

et al. 2022

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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The Flexural After Impact (FAI) behaviour of epoxy and vinyl-ester based carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates was investigated at elevated temperatures. Carbon/Epoxy (CE) and Carbon/Vinyl-ester (CV) laminates with cross-ply configuration (0/90/90/0)3S were manufactured via a compression moulding technique and subjected to Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) s at ∼1.5 and ∼2.5 m/s under temperatures 30, 60 and 90°C. The flexural behaviour of composite laminates was investigated via three-point bending tests. The non-impacted and impacted CE and CV samples' failure profile during the flexural tests was examined using the real-time Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring technique via peak frequency analysis of AE events. Flexural after impact strength of CE samples at both the velocities were higher than that of the CV ones. For CE and CV samples, the flexural after impact strength increases at 60°C, and decreases when approaching 90°C. At 90°C, flexural strength degradation was considerably higher in the CE ones because the Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the epoxy matrix occurs at a much higher rate than the vinyl-ester, which generates higher residual stress at the carbon fiber-epoxy interfaces. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring allowed to capture the interface among the fiber and matrix due to the exposure temperature and impact velocity.

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Effect of Intra-Ply Hybrid Patches and Hydrothermal Aging on Local Bending Response of Repaired GFRP Composite Laminates

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Ballistic Impact Behaviour of Glass/Epoxy Composite Laminates Embedded with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Wires

Ballistic Impact Behaviour of Glass/Epoxy Composite Laminates Embedded with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Wires

Investigation of the effects of hybridization types and temperature on the quasi‐static indentation properties of glass/flax hybrid composites for various test speeds

Flexural after impact behaviour of carbon/epoxy and carbon/vinyl-ester composite laminates at elevated temperatures

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