Effect of Intracoronary Transplantation of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells on Outcomes of Patients With Refractory Chronic Heart Failure Secondary to Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Bone Marrow Stem Cells for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Clinical Trial Review

“…During cell infusion in Lebrun et al, two patients received stents after balloon occlusion across a diseased coronary artery raised concern for plaque rupture. Additionally, two patients required [30].…”

“…Although there may be similar quantitative assessments of structural and functional dysfunction between these entities, the degree of compensation and symptomatology is the defining difference between these two subsets in addition to the drastic differences in morbidity and mortality. Resultantly, the studies included in this category included patients with significant functional impairments with NYHA classes ≥3 despite maximal medical therapy and were not candidates for further revascularization [29,30,33].…”

“…Moreover, this paper will review the techniques, safety, and efficacy of these trials in three population subsets of chronic IHD: refractory angina [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], ICM with LV dysfunction [25-28, 31, 32], and ICM with end-stage chronic heart failure (CHF) (Fig. 1) [29,30,33].…”

“…Techniques which have been utilized in the delivery of bone marrow mononuclear cells for the treatment of IHD include intracoronary infusion, retrograde coronary venous infusion, percutaneous endomyocardial injection, and surgical intramyocardial injection [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Among these techniques, intracoronary or percutaneous endomyocardial injections are more commonly used delivery methods.…”

“…These include bone marrow (BM)-derived mononuclear cells [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] as well as particular bone marrow fractions, adipose stromal cells [34,35], skeletal myoblasts [36,37], umbilical cord blood cells, and embryonic stem cells. Importantly, the definition of a "stem cell" should be noted as a cell possessing the abilities of both self-renewal and differentiation.…”