“…On the one hand, the anionic hydrogel consists of weakly acidic group on the polymeric network chains, which forms cation mobile solutes and anionic immobile charge group when subjected to environmental solution with specific pH values, including poly(methacrylicacid)-, poly(acrylic-acid)-, poly(Nisopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic-acid)-poly(methacrylic-acid-ethylene-glycol)-, poly(methacrylic-acid-co-methacryloxyethyl-glucoside)-, and poly( N,Ndimethylacrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)-based hydrogel [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. It is known that the fixed acidic group of the hydrogel remains un-ionized, when subjected to environmental pH < acid-base dissociation constant pKa which makes the hydrogel to behave like a neutral hydrogel [50].…”