Effect of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection on Aqueous Humor Cytokine Levels in Clinically Significant Macular Edema

Different Concentrations of Aqueous Cytokines According to Diabetic Macular Edema Patterns as Determined Optical Coherence Tomography

“…Previous studies have shown that aqueous MCP-1 levels increase as diabetic retinopathy progresses [25] and that MCP-1 levels are elevated in eyes with DME [26]. In addition, there is a report demonstrating the relation of MCP-1 with DME [16,27]. Our study showed that MCP-1 is thought to play a role in CME development.…”

Panretinal photocoagulation induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and macular thickening in high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy

“…Clinically, intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide, an anti-inflamatory steroids, is more effective for reduction of diabetic macular edema than intravitreal bevacizumab, a VEGF antibody [21]. Also, a recent report suggested that the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema is more closely related with IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 than VEGF because persistent diabetic macular edema after intravitreal bevacizumab showed higher level of IL-6 and MCP-1 in spite of lower level of VEGF [22].…”

Elevated Cytokine Levels in the Aqueous Humor of Eyes With Bullous Keratopathy and Low Endothelial Cell Density

“…In recent years, increased cytokine levels in AqH have been reported to be associated with pathogenesis and intraocular alteration in various ocular diseases; FECD, 22,27 graft rejection, 28,29 uveitis, [30][31][32] glaucoma, 19,32 AMD, 33,34 and retinal vein occlusion. [35][36][37] Maier et al 28 evaluated IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-c levels in 18 AqH samples that were collected at the time of PKP and reported that the cytokine levels in AqH were predictive of graft rejection.…”