EFFECT OF INTROGRESSION ON THE SERPENTINE ENDEMISM OF <i>QUERCUS DURATA</i>

Forde, M. B.; Faris, D. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1962.tb03226.x

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…It is also remarkable the isolated distribution of Q. cornelius‐mulleri in both time periods, with very little range overlap with Q. berberidifolia and Q. john‐tuckeri even though they live in close geographical proximity. Finally, it should be noted that the predicted distribution of Q. durata in both the present and the LGM must be interpreted with caution given that this species is associated with serpentine soils that were not considered in our SDMs (Whittaker ; Forde & Faris ; Harrison ). For instance, the predicted southward expansion of this species into southern California during the LGM is highly unlikely due to the lack of serpentine soils in the region (Kruckeberg ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Different lines of evidence suggest that the divergence between Q. berberidifolia and Q. durata probably took place in peripatry or sympatry. These two species share a similar distribution range and are the only two taxa within the complex that often form mixed stands or grow in very close geographical proximity, with populations separated by a few hundreds of metres (Forde & Faris ). Quercus durata is an edaphic specialist of serpentine soils, where Q. berberidifolia is unable to form stable populations (Forde & Faris ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two species share a similar distribution range and are the only two taxa within the complex that often form mixed stands or grow in very close geographical proximity, with populations separated by a few hundreds of metres (Forde & Faris ). Quercus durata is an edaphic specialist of serpentine soils, where Q. berberidifolia is unable to form stable populations (Forde & Faris ). These soils represent less than ~1% of California's land surface and are patchily distributed across the landscape (Whittaker ; Kruckeberg ; Harrison ; Harrison & Najakaruna ), which is likely to have favored the presence of populations of both species at a dispersal distance of each other and resulted in divergent selection in peripatry or sympatry ( sensu lato , i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these taxa have been described in the last few decades (Nixon & Steele ; Nixon & Muller ) and, with the exception of Q. durata , all of them were generally treated before as part of a broad complex of Q. dumosa (Nixon ; e.g. Forde & Faris ). These taxa are edaphic specialist ( Q. durata ), island endemics ( Q. pacifica ) or encountered in different habitats such as coastal sage scrub ( Q. dumosa ), desert margins ( Q. cornelius‐mulleri ), and chaparral and mixed forest ( Q. berberidifolia and Q. john‐tuckeri ), suggesting that different modes of speciation (allopatric speciation in island endemics vs. sympatric/parapatric speciation among nearby ecological specialist) may have contributed to the diversity of the complex (Nixon ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary and demographic history of the Californian scrub white oak species complex: an integrative approach

et al. 2015

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Understanding the factors promoting species formation is a major task in evolutionary research. Here, we employ an integrative approach to study the evolutionary history of the Californian scrub white oak species complex (genus Quercus). To infer the relative importance of geographical isolation and ecological divergence in driving the speciation process, we (i) analysed inter- and intraspecific patterns of genetic differentiation and employed an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework to evaluate different plausible scenarios of species divergence. In a second step, we (ii) linked the inferred divergence pathways with current and past species distribution models (SDMs) and (iii) tested for niche differentiation and phylogenetic niche conservatism across taxa. ABC analyses showed that the most plausible scenario is the one considering the divergence of two main lineages followed by a more recent pulse of speciation. Genotypic data in conjunction with SDMs and niche differentiation analyses support that different factors (geography vs. environment) and modes of speciation (parapatry, allopatry and maybe sympatry) have played a role in the divergence process within this complex. We found no significant relationship between genetic differentiation and niche overlap, which probably reflects niche lability and/or that multiple factors, have contributed to speciation. Our study shows that different mechanisms can drive divergence even among closely related taxa representing early stages of species formation and exemplifies the importance of adopting integrative approaches to get a better understanding of the speciation process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary and demographic history of the Californian scrub white oak species complex: an integrative approach

et al. 2015

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“…Considering the island-like distribution of serpentine outcrops [4], [6], the spatially isolated populations of a serpentinophyte can ultimately give rise to several local endemics [14]. The evolutionary history becomes even more complicated if the serpentine populations come into secondary contact with their non-serpentine counterparts (e.g., after the progenitor’s re-invasion) and hybridize [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing Together Evolution on Serpentine and Polyploidy: Spatiotemporal History of the Diploid-Tetraploid Complex of Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae)

et al. 2012

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Polyploidization is one of the leading forces in the evolution of land plants, providing opportunities for instant speciation and rapid gain of evolutionary novelties. Highly selective conditions of serpentine environments act as an important evolutionary trigger that can be involved in various speciation processes. Whereas the significance of both edaphic speciation on serpentine and polyploidy is widely acknowledged in plant evolution, the links between polyploid evolution and serpentine differentiation have not yet been examined. To fill this gap, we investigated the evolutionary history of the perennial herb Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae), a diploid-tetraploid complex that exhibits an intriguing pattern of eco-geographic differentiation. Using plastid DNA sequencing and AFLP genotyping of 336 previously cytotyped individuals from 40 populations from central Europe, we unravelled the patterns of genetic variation among the cytotypes and the edaphic types. Diploids showed the highest levels of genetic differentiation, likely as a result of long term persistence of several lineages in ecologically distinct refugia and/or independent immigration. Recurrent polyploidization, recorded in one serpentine island, seems to have opened new possibilities for the local serpentine genotype. Unlike diploids, the serpentine tetraploids were able to escape from the serpentine refugium and spread further; this was also attributable to hybridization with the neighbouring non-serpentine tetraploid lineages. The spatiotemporal history of K. arvensis allows tracing the interplay of polyploid evolution and ecological divergence on serpentine, resulting in a complex evolutionary pattern. Isolated serpentine outcrops can act as evolutionary capacitors, preserving distinct karyological and genetic diversity. The serpentine lineages, however, may not represent evolutionary ‘dead-ends’ but rather dynamic systems with a potential to further influence the surrounding populations, e.g., via independent polyplodization and hybridization. The complex eco-geographical pattern together with the incidence of both primary and secondary diploid-tetraploid contact zones makes K. arvensis a unique system for addressing general questions of polyploid research.

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Influence of a climatic gradient on genetic exchange between two oak species

Bürge

Parker

Mulligan

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise In plant groups with limited intrinsic barriers to gene flow, it is thought that environmental conditions can modulate interspecific genetic exchange. Oaks are known for limited barriers to gene flow among closely related species. Here, we use Quercus as a living laboratory in which to pursue a fundamental question in plant evolution: Do environmental gradients restrict or promote genetic exchange between species? Methods We focused on two North American oaks, the rare Quercus dumosa and the widespread Q. berberidifolia. We sampled intensively along a contact zone in California, USA. We sequenced restriction site‐associated DNA markers and measured vegetative phenotype. We tested for genetic exchange, the association with climate, and the effect on phenotype. Results There is evidence for genetic exchange between the species. Admixed plants are found in areas of intermediate climate, while less admixed plants are found at the extremes of the climatic gradient. Genetic and phenotypic patterns are out of phase in the contact zone; some plants display the phenotype of one species but are genetically associated with another. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that a strong climatic gradient can promote genetic exchange between species. The overall weak correlation between genotype and phenotype in the contact zone between the species suggests that genetic exchange can lead to the breakdown of trait combinations used to define species. This incongruency predicts ongoing problems for conservation of Q. dumosa, with implications for conservation of other oaks.

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EFFECT OF INTROGRESSION ON THE SERPENTINE ENDEMISM OF QUERCUS DURATA

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Evolutionary and demographic history of the Californian scrub white oak species complex: an integrative approach

Evolutionary and demographic history of the Californian scrub white oak species complex: an integrative approach

Bringing Together Evolution on Serpentine and Polyploidy: Spatiotemporal History of the Diploid-Tetraploid Complex of Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae)

Influence of a climatic gradient on genetic exchange between two oak species

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