Effect of intumescence on polymer degradation

Marchal, Arnaud; Delobel, René; Bras, Michel Le; Leroy, Jean-Marie; Price, D.C.

doi:10.1016/0141-3910(94)90088-4

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…From Table 7, we can see that the addition of IFR agent in the NR system makes the TTI shorter, which indicates the early flammability of the system. This result can also be seen from other intumescent systems [18,[19][20][21]. This phenomenon is due to the acceleration of thermal degradation and rapid surface char formation.…”

Section: Fire-retarding Performancesupporting

confidence: 73%

Synthesis of an Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) Agent and Application in a Natural Rubber (NR) System

Wang

Chen

2007

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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This investigation focuses on the synthesis and characterization of an intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) agent. Three steps are used in the synthesis process. Meanwhile, the structure is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) 13 C spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The addition of this IFR agent in a natural rubber (NR) system leads to an improvement in its flame-retardant (FR) properties. The second part focuses on the evaluation of some characteristics such as FR property, thermal stability, cure characteristics, and tensile properties of IFR/NR systems.

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Section: Fire-retarding Performancesupporting

confidence: 73%

Synthesis of an Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) Agent and Application in a Natural Rubber (NR) System

Wang

Chen

2007

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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“…It is noteworthy that the RHR curve of the PP-APP/PER is typical of intumescent systems. [22] This RHR curve exhibits two peaks. The first peak is assigned to the ignition and to the flame spread on the surface of the material and then, Figure 1.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Intumescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances for Intumescent Polymers

Bourbigot

Bras

Duquesne

et al. 2004

Macro Materials & Eng

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651

428

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Summary: This paper reviews recent approaches for making intumescent systems. The mechanisms of action involving intumescence are described and commented on. Synergistic aspects using zeolites and organoclays are also considered and discussed. New strategies are examined on the basis of the mechanism of intumescence. The approach of using char forming polymers as additives (blend technology) is also fully discussed. This consists of substituting classical polyols (char forming agents) with char forming polymers (polyamides and thermoplastic polyurethane). It will be shown that the advantages of this concept are to obtain flame‐retarded (FR) polymer blends with improved mechanical properties in comparison with polymers loaded with classical formulations, and the avoidance of problems due to the water solubility of the polyols and their migration. The “nanocomposite approach” enhances the performance of intumescent systems by using a nanostructured char forming polymer. It will be shown that this combination of intumescence via the blending approach and nanocomposites enhances both flame retardancy and mechanical properties, and allows many specifications to be produced (for example, the design of EVA‐based materials for flame retarded low voltage cables and wire). This appears to be one of the most promising ways for designing new efficient intumescent materials.Intumescent residue after LOI test of an intumescent poly(propylene).magnified imageIntumescent residue after LOI test of an intumescent poly(propylene).

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“…However, various theories have been put forward and in general it is believed that flame retardant materials reduce the flammability by the endothermic evolution of water, which then dilutes the fuel gases and oxygen in the flame, while the residues stabilize the polymers melts as an inert filler. 33 According to Marchal et al, 34 the produced water acts not only as a thermal shield but protect the bulk materials from external heat flux and moreover inhibits the oxygen diffusion. This protection is generally believed to be the result of creation of an expanded carbonaceous structure on the flame front.…”

Section: 5/nmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of polyethylene and incorporation of fillers for effective reinforcement of mechanical and better flame retardant properties

Shah

Fuzail

2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The effect of incorporation of the two different fillers, i.e. calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, over a concentration range of 0 -35% w/w on mechanical and burning properties and hot set test of polyethylene (PE) has been studied. The incorporation of either of these fillers deteriorates mechanical properties such as percent elongation at break and tensile strength of PE. However, modification of PE not only mitigates the reduction in these properties, but brings enhancement in all the aforementioned properties. A clear difference in these properties for the incorporation of each of these fillers to just PE, silane-grafted but uncured PE, and silane cross-linked PE has been found. These properties follow the order of superiority as: crosslinked PE Ͼ silane-grafted uncured PE Ͼ physically filled PE. The different properties due to physical bonding of filler, physical bonding in the presence of polar silane grafted onto PE, and that of chemical bonding of filler in cross-linked PE has been discussed and analyzed.

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Effect of intumescence on polymer degradation

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Synthesis of an Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) Agent and Application in a Natural Rubber (NR) System

Synthesis of an Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) Agent and Application in a Natural Rubber (NR) System

Recent Advances for Intumescent Polymers

Modification of polyethylene and incorporation of fillers for effective reinforcement of mechanical and better flame retardant properties

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