Synthesis of an Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) Agent and Application in a                 Natural Rubber (NR) System

Wang, Jincheng; Chen, Yuehui

doi:10.1177/0095244307067130

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Compared with inorganic flame retardants, IFRs show much more effective flame retardancy in polyolefins, which have been studied and used more and more widely. In general, IFRs consist of three components, that is, an acid source, a carbonization agent, and a blowing agent [1][2][3][4][5]. The compounds used as acid sources are generally inorganic acids or precursors of the acids, for example, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Elastomer on Flame Retardancy, Thermal Degradation, and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Flame-Retardant Polyethylene

2011

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ethylene—acrylic ester—maleic anhydride (EAEM), as a compatibilizer, has been used to modify a new halogen-free flame retardant linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) in this article. Intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) consist of a charring—foaming agent (CFA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), organic montmorillonite (OMMT) and an antidripping agent. Based on limiting oxygen index values and UL-94 ratings, the IFRs show the effective flame retardancy in the blend of LLDPE and EAEM. Comparative study on the thermal degradation of the composites demonstrates that the IFRs can reduce initial temperature ( Tinitial) of thermal degradation of the composites, and make the main thermal degradation peak move to the high temperature. CONE results reveal that the IFRs can form a char layer on the surface of the composites and clearly change the decomposition behavior of the IFR-LLDPE/ EAEM composites. Whether OMMT is contained or not in the IFRs, the IFRs show a little effect on reducing tensile strength of the composites. This result is proved by well dispersion of IFRs in the blend observed from scanning electron microscopic images. EAEM is also beneficial for improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the composites.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Elastomer on Flame Retardancy, Thermal Degradation, and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Flame-Retardant Polyethylene

2011

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is because NR has unique properties such as high tensile strength, low compression set, and good electrical insulation. In addition, NR remains flexible at low temperature (−55°C) without adding plasticizer and has high resistance to abrasion, tear, and fatigue . However, the high flammability of NR restricts its usage in certain applications such as power cables .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, NR remains flexible at low temperature (−55°C) without adding plasticizer and has high resistance to abrasion, tear, and fatigue . However, the high flammability of NR restricts its usage in certain applications such as power cables . To overcome this problem, flame‐retardant materials are usually added to NR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Behavior of Natural Rubber Filled with Intumescent Flame Retardant Containing Graphite

Abdelkhalik

Makhlouf

Abdel‐Hakim

2019

Vinyl Additive Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Melamine salt of pentaerythritol phosphate/graphite (MPP-G) mixture was prepared by dispersing graphite flakes in MPP during its synthesis. The chemical structure of MPP-G was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope. MPP-G was blended with natural rubber (NR) at different loading levels and its effect on the thermal stability and flammability properties of NR was studied. The cone calorimeter results exhibited that the addition of MPP-G to NR decreased the peak of heat release rate, mean heat release rate, total heat release, mean mass loss rate, mean effective heat of combustion, and maximum average rate of heat emission. Moreover, fire growth rate index and fire performance index values showed that NR/MPP-G composites are safer than NR. The digital photographs of char formed after cone calorimeter test indicated the formation of a coherent char. The mechanism of flame retardation was studied based on FTIR, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and XRD analysis of char residue. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 26:155-164, 2020.

show abstract

“…However, owing to the bad environmental impact of processing and combustion of certain brominated flame retardants, brominated flame retardants begin to be replaced by some halogen-free flame retardants. In recently years, intumescent flame retardant system, has found to take the place of halogen flame retardant which is not friendly to environment [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Kaolin Clay on Fire Retardancy and Thermal Degradation of Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR)/Natural Rubber Composite

Thuechart

Keawwattana

2013

AMR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Study the effect of kaolin clay as a synergistic agent on flame retardancy and thermal degradation in natural rubber based on intumescent flame retardant (IFR); consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as acid source, pentaerythritol (PER) as a carbonization agent and melamine (ME) as a blowing agent was undertaken. The intumescent was examined at different loading (60, 80 and 100 phr). Kaolin clay was incorporated into flame retardant at four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt% of flame retardant) to investigate the synergism between the flame retardant materials. The flammability and thermal degradation of composites were characterized by UL-94 rating (vertical burning) test, cone calorimeter (CONE) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All composites could meet the UL94V-0 standard. A synergist effect was observed when kaolin clay is used in combination with the intumescent flame-retardant through the TGA and CONE results. Moreover Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was done for the char morphology.

show abstract

Synthesis of an Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) Agent and Application in a Natural Rubber (NR) System

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of Elastomer on Flame Retardancy, Thermal Degradation, and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Flame-Retardant Polyethylene

Effect of Elastomer on Flame Retardancy, Thermal Degradation, and Mechanical Properties of Intumescent Flame-Retardant Polyethylene

Fire Behavior of Natural Rubber Filled with Intumescent Flame Retardant Containing Graphite

The Effect of Kaolin Clay on Fire Retardancy and Thermal Degradation of Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR)/Natural Rubber Composite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About