Effect of iodoacetic acid on the reproductive system of male mice

Abstract

Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is one of the most common water disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Humans and animals are widely and continuously exposed to it. Many species of water DBPs are harmful to the reproductive system of organisms. Nevertheless, the potential effects of IAA exposure on testosterone and spermatogenesis in vivo remain ambiguous. Spermatogenous cells are the site of spermatogenesis, Leydig cells are the site of testosterone synthesis, and Sertoli cells build the blood–testis barrier (BTB), providing a stable environment for the aforementioned important physiological functions in testicular tissue. Therefore, we observed the effects of IAA on spermatogenic cells, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells in the testis. In this study, we found that oral administration of IAA (35 mg/kg body weight per day for 28 days) in male mice increased serum LH levels and reduced sperm motility, affecting average path velocity and straight line velocity of sperm. In addition, IAA promoted the expression of γH2AX, a marker for DNA double-strand breaks. Moreover, IAA downregulated the protein expression of the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1), and decreased lipid droplet transport into Leydig cells, which reduced the storage of testosterone synthesis raw materials and might cause a drop in testosterone production. Furthermore, IAA did not affect the function of BTB. Thus, our results indicated that IAA exposure affected spermatogenesis and testosterone synthesis by inducing DNA damage and reducing lipid droplet transport.

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“…58 In addition, a decrease was detected also in epididymis along with a corresponding reduction in sperm motility. 301 IAA caused Leydig's cell degeneration, reduction in seminiferous tubule, necrotic symptoms, and sperm degeneration. 58 The production of ROS caused by IAA may be the main role in reproductive system damage.…”

“…Hassan and colleagues showed IAA (5 mg/kg) caused a significant increase in total lipids, cholesterol, concomitant and simultaneously with a significant decrease in total protein and testosterone levels . In addition, a decrease was detected also in epididymis along with a corresponding reduction in sperm motility . IAA caused Leydig’s cell degeneration, reduction in seminiferous tubule, necrotic symptoms, and sperm degeneration .…”