Effect of ionic liquid additive [BMIM]HSO4 on zinc electrodeposition from impurity-containing sulfate electrolyte. Part I: current efficiency, surface morphology, and crystal orientations

Abstract

The effects of ionic liquid additive 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate- [BMIM]HSO 4 on the current efficiency (CE), surface morphology, and crystallographic orientations during zinc electrodeposition from acidic sulfate solutions containing some common impurities such as copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, and lead were investigated. The results indicated that all the metallic impurities studied exerted a deleterious effect on the zinc electrodeposition process by decreasing the CE, influencing the purity, and inducing changes in morphology of the cathodic deposits. The addition of [BMIM]HSO 4 was observed to relieve the harmful effects of these impurities to some extent, and led to reduce the impurity content in the zinc deposits and improve the CE and the quality of the cathodic deposits. The data obtained from X-ray diffraction revealed that the presence of these impurities alone and in combination with [BMIM]HSO 4 did not change the structure of the electrodeposited zinc but affected the crystallographic orientation of the crystal planes.

Effects of additives on the electrodeposition of Zn Sn alloys from choline chloride/ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvent

“…The SEM image in Fig. 6(a) shows that a pure Zn coating with hexagonal crystallites was observed from Ethaline 200 solution, as is typical of pure zinc electrodeposition [46,47]. The SEM image for Sn deposition on a copper substrate is shown in Fig.…”

Ionic Liquids as Electrodeposition Additives and Corrosion Inhibitors

“…Moreover, the addition of [BMIM]HSO 4 was observed to relieve the harmful efect of impurities, such as copper, iron, cobalt, nickel and lead, to some extent and led to a reduction of the impurity content in the zinc deposits and improved the CE and the quality of the cathodic deposits [65]. Considering the anodic reaction, [BMIM]HSO 4 was also found to have a catalytic efect on oxygen evolution by stimulating the reaction rate constant.…”