Effect of ionic plasma nitriding process on the corrosion and micro-abrasive wear behavior of AISI 316L austenitic and AISI 470 super-ferritic stainless steels

Laser Surface Alloying of Austenitic 316L Steel with Boron and Some Metallic Elements: Properties

“…The various physical techniques of surface treatment of austenitic steel were compared in Table 1 , taking into account the maximal hardness and averaging depths of the produced surface layers. The maximal hardness of laser-alloyed layers with boron (595–796 HV0.1) or with boron and selected metallic elements (675–911 HV0.1) ([ 60 ] and this work) was relatively low in comparison with the surface layers, produced on the austenitic stainless steel using other physical techniques such as LTPGN processes (572–2175 HV or 720–1100 HK at different loads) [ 2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 23 ], LTPGNC process (962 HV) [ 7 ], HTPGN processes (1060–1340 HV) [ 3 , 5 , 14 , 15 ], LTPGC process (11–11.8 GPa) [ 26 ] or PPB process (28.093 GPa) [ 31 ]. Many hybrid treatments with the use of plasma processes also resulted in higher hardness of the fabricated surface layers, e.g., shot peening (SP) followed by LTPGN or sequential LTPGC and LTPGN (1615–1662 HV or 7.5–11.5 GPa, respectively) [ 17 , 19 ], cold spraying (CS) of 316L steel followed by LTPGN, LTPGC and LTPGNC processes or their various combinations (800–1350 HV) [ 21 ], LTPGN process followed by a multi-arc ion plating (MAIP) (2280 HV) [ 23 ] as well as TiN coatings produced by PVD technique (18.7–26 GPa) [ 23 , 24 ].…”

“…The different techniques and methods of wear evaluation were reported in literature data regarding the wear behavior of the surface layers produced in austenitic steels. The samples, subjected to LTPGN process, were tested using the “block-on-ring” technique with AISI 52100 steel as a ring-shaped counter-sample [ 2 , 3 ], “ball-on-disc” method using AISI 52100 steel [ 5 , 9 ] or Al 2 O 3 [ 7 ] in the shape of ball as a counter-sample or “pin-on-disc” technique using AISI 1045 steel as a counter-sample in the shape of pin [ 8 ]. Unfortunately, in the case of very interesting technique of LTPGN using an active screen [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] the wear resistance of the layers was not studied.…”

“…Therefore, the only way to harden such a steel is via adequate surface treatment in order to produce hard and wear resistant surface layers. It is relatively easy using the physical techniques of surface treatment, especially if the surface is saturated with nitrogen, carbon or boron under glow discharge conditions [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Such techniques are also called plasma or ion processes [ 32 ].…”

“…All the techniques, mentioned above, were applied in order to increase the hardness of the surface layers produced, and, consequently, to improve the wear resistance of the austenitic stainless steels. However, the experimental procedure of wear tests differed, including “block-on-ring” [ 2 , 3 , 31 , 52 , 60 ], “ball-on-disc” [ 5 , 15 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 38 , 53 , 62 ] as well as “pin-on-disc” [ 8 , 20 , 41 , 57 , 61 ] techniques. The tribological properties of the surface layers produced on the 316L steel were evaluated using various measured quantities, such as linear wear [ 2 ], volumetric wear [ 9 , 19 , 39 , 44 , 45 , 62 ], volumetric wear per unit of axial force and friction track (also called specific wear rate [ 7 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 35 , 40 , 54 , 61 ]), mass loss [ 8 , 41 ], relative mass loss [ 60 ], mass loss per unit of friction track (also called specific wear rate [ 53 ]), coefficient of friction (CoF) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 16 , 37 , 41 , 54 , 57 ], percentage of the volume removed on carburized samples regarding the noncarburized material […”

Identification of regularities of formation of the phase-structural state and properties of coatings obtained by micro-arc oxidation of high-strength V95 alloy

“…In this case, there is a change in the phase-structural state of the base [11,12]. In this direction, the method of ionic nitriding has received the greatest development [13,14]. The use of the second type of surface modification provides a qualitatively new phase composition and surface properties.…”