Effect of Isoniazid Prophylaxis Therapy on the Prevention of Tuberculosis Incidence and Associated Factors Among HIV Infected Individuals in Northwest Ethiopia: Retrospective Cohort Study

Bishaw, Mulat Addis; Balcha, Shitaye Alemu; Lakew, Ayenew Molla

doi:10.2147/hiv.s301355

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The risk of developing OIs among children who never took TPT was 1.95 times higher [AHR: 1.95 (95% CI: 1.27, 2.99)] than among those who took TPT during the follow-up period. This finding is comparable with findings reported in Nigeria ( 51 ), at UoG ( 52 ), in Northwest Ethiopia Gondar ( 53 ), in Adama ( 29 ), in Addis Ababa ( 54 ), at SNNP Region Hospitals ( 55 ), and at Arba Minch Hospital ( 56 ). This implies that TPT plays a role in decreasing mycobacterium load and reducing the progression of latent bacilli to active TB ( 57 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Predictors of a high incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia: A multicenter institution-based retrospective follow-up study

et al. 2023

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IntroductionGlobally, opportunistic infections are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected children, contributing to more than 90% of HIV-related deaths. In 2014, Ethiopia launched and began to implement a “test and treat” strategy aiming to reduce the burden of opportunistic infections. Despite this intervention, opportunistic infections continue to be a serious public health issue, with limited evidence available on their overall incidence among HIV-infected children in the study area.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the incidence of opportunistic infections and to identify predictors of their occurrence among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara Regional State Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in 2022.MethodsA multicenter, institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 472 HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara Regional State Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals from May 17 to June 15, 2022. Children receiving antiretroviral therapy were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using national antiretroviral intake and follow-up forms via the KoBo Toolbox. STATA 16 was used for data analyses, and the Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate probabilities of opportunistic infection-free survival. Both bi-variable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were employed to identify significant predictors. A P-value <0.05 was taken to indicate statistical significance.ResultsMedical records from a total of 452 children (representing a completeness rate of 95.8%) were included and analyzed in the study. The overall incidence of opportunistic infections among children receiving ART was 8.64 per 100 person-years of observation. The predictors of elevated incidence of opportunistic infections were: a CD4 cell count below a specified threshold [AHR: 2.34 (95% CI: 1.45, 3.76)]; co-morbidity of anemia [AHR: 1.68 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.67)]; ever having exhibited only fair or poor adherence to ART drugs [AHR: 2.31 (95% CI: 1.47, 3.63)]; never having taken tuberculosis-preventive therapy [AHR: 1.95 (95% CI: 1.27, 2.99)]; and not having initiated antiretroviral therapy within 7 days of HIV diagnosis [AHR: 1.82 (95% CI: 1.12, 2.96)].ConclusionIn this study, the incidence of opportunistic infections was high. Early initiation antiretroviral therapy has direct effect on boosting the immunity, suppressing viral replications and increases the CD4 count, so that the occurrence of opportunistic infection will reduce the incidence of OIs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Predictors of a high incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia: A multicenter institution-based retrospective follow-up study

et al. 2023

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“…The risk of developing active TB infection in HIV-infected people is 20–37 times higher than in non-HIV-infected people. 18 Preventive therapy is recommended in these patients in the presence of LTBI. Co-administration of HM and chemotherapy in HIV(+) patients without LTBI, it is thought that it would be prudent to monitor these patients for active TB closely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Based on T-SPOT.TB Assay in Patients With Hematological Malignancies

Kılıçaslan¹,

Canoğlu²

2022

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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Background and objective: Patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) receiving chemotherapy for hematological malignancy (HM) are at high risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) infection. The aim of this study is to show real-life data and results of the T-SPOT test and preventive isoniazid (INH) therapy in pre-chemotherapy LTBI screening in the HM patient group. Methods: This retrospective study includes 209 HM patients who had T-SPOT tests between 2016 and 2021 in Sultan 2. Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Results: The prevalence of LTBI was 26.8% in 209 patients (n=56). Preventive INH therapy was initiated in 82.1% (n=46) of 56 patients with LTBI. 23.9% (n=11) of the 46 patients who received preventive INH therapy were unable to complete the treatment. Elevated liver enzymes occurred in 4 (8.7%) patients using INH, while gastrointestinal symptoms occurred in 3 (6.5%) patients. Active TB infection emerged in none of the T-SPOT positive or indeterminate individuals but in one HIV (+) patient in the T-SPOT negative group. The cumulative incidence of active TB infection was 0.48%, with a population rate of 478/100.000. Conclusions: INH treatment was generally well tolerated, and serious drug-related side effects were observed infrequently. Although LTBI cannot be demonstrated in patients with HIV(+) HM who are scheduled for chemotherapy, these patients should be closely monitored for the development of active TB infection. Keywords: Hematologic malignancies, Interferon-Gamma Release Assays, Latent tuberculosis

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“…All medical records and clinical data from adult HIV patients receiving care at the selected DOTS centres in the LGA were collected using a checklist adapted from the WHO Questionnaire/standardized forms prepared for monitoring and evaluation of TB/HIV activities (WHO, 2011). This was also used in the studies of Pasipamire et al (2016), Geleto, Abate and Egata (2017) and Beshaw et al (2021). The checklist collected information on the basic socio-demographic data of the registered patients, their laboratory and medication history/ information as well as information on the indicators of ICF and IPT (TB screen done, TB screen result, diagnostic evaluation done, result of diagnostic evaluation, TB treatment started and ever received a course of IPT).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of tuberculosis screening and isoniazid prophylaxis treatment among human immunodeficiency virus patients in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area: A retrospective study

Edoja

Anekwe

2023

Preprint

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Background: The co-occurrence of Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been recognised as a global public health problem with considerable mutual interaction and a leading cause of death worldwide. Aim: To determine the rate of TB screening among People Living with HIV (PLWH) and treatment with isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis in directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) clinics in Primary Healthcare centres (PHCs) in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers state. Materials and Method: This clinic-based, two-year retrospective cross-sectional study involved a complete review and abstraction of all records for HIV patients (18 years and above) who have been receiving HIV care and treatment for at least 6 months prior to the study in DOTS clinics in five selected PHCs in OBALGA. The data were extracted using a checklist while the statistical analysis of the study was carried out using SPSS version 23. Results: The proportion of HIV-positive patients screened for TB was 79.8% while those who had TB diagnostic evaluation among them was 38.6%, and 38.7% of the HIV/TB co-infected patients were placed on INH prophylaxis. Conclusion: Insufficient attention is being paid to TB diagnostic evaluation and IPT. Hence, it is recommended that the PHCs in the LGA should be equipped with appropriate devices for TB diagnosis as well as engage the Healthcare Workers in sensitization workshops on the need for continuous screening of PLWH for TB

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Effect of Isoniazid Prophylaxis Therapy on the Prevention of Tuberculosis Incidence and Associated Factors Among HIV Infected Individuals in Northwest Ethiopia: Retrospective Cohort Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Predictors of a high incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia: A multicenter institution-based retrospective follow-up study

Predictors of a high incidence of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy at Amhara regional state comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia: A multicenter institution-based retrospective follow-up study

Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Based on T-SPOT.TB Assay in Patients With Hematological Malignancies

Rate of tuberculosis screening and isoniazid prophylaxis treatment among human immunodeficiency virus patients in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area: A retrospective study

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