Effect of l-Carnitine Supplementation on Endurance Exercise in Normobaric/Normoxic and Hypobaric/Hypoxic Conditions

Panjwani, Usha; Thakur, Lalan; Anand, J P; Singh, Som Nath; Amitabh,; Singh, Shashi Bala; Banerjee, P. K.

doi:10.1580/pr45-05.1

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Carnitine can also act as a chelator by decreasing the concentration of cytosolic iron, which plays a very important role in free radical chemistry (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of L-carnitine in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity

Yıldız

Kul²,

Gökpınar³

et al. 2014

Turk J Med Sci

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Almagro et al. (2009) showed, under Mediterranean conditions, different soil CO 2 effluxes between land uses and, within uses, between beneath-and intercanopy sites. These findings have been weakly explained by soil temperature regime or soil water content, suggesting that microbial activity, as with other factors, could play a role in the soil C dynamic.Soil microbial properties are known to exhibit high space-time variability (Cavigelli et al., 2005). Understanding the spatial variability of soil properties and its functions is important in determining soil constraints to plant nutrition and appropriate management of soil resources (Keil et al., 2011).Studies carried out in natural systems showed that trees' distribution affects soil organic matter mineralization (Chatterjee and Jenerette, 2011) and soil microbial community seasonal dynamics (Waldrop et al., 2006). However, the combined effects of long-term management and trees' spatial distribution on C cycling and microbial activity have not been sufficiently investigated so far.

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“…Carnitine can also act as a chelator by decreasing the concentration of cytosolic iron, which plays a very important role in free radical chemistry (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of L-carnitine in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity

Yıldız

Kul²,

Gökpınar³

et al. 2014

Turk J Med Sci

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“…Nevertheless, carnitine is widely used in vitamin preparations and as food supplement. Although direct evidence for the effect of carnitine supplementation is lacking, some beneficial effects on physical fatigue and exercise recovery have been reported (24,49,50). Fatty acid oxidation, and therefore also the availability of carnitine, has been shown to play an important role during fetal development [discussed by (51)].…”

Section: Carnitine Acquisition: Intake Versus Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymology of the carnitine biosynthesis pathway

2010

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SummaryThe water-soluble zwitterion carnitine is an essential metabolite in eukaryotes required for fatty acid oxidation as it functions as a carrier during transfer of activated acyl and acetyl groups across intracellular membranes. Most eukaryotes are able to synthesize carnitine endogenously, besides their capacity to take up carnitine from the diet or extracellular medium through plasma membrane transporters. This review discusses the current knowledge on carnitine homeostasis with special emphasis on the enzymology of the four steps of the carnitine biosynthesis pathway.

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“…Since exogenous l -carnitine may influence energy utilisation efficiency, several studies using birds and mammals as animal models tested the effect of dietary l -carnitine supplementation on the exercise performance and on lipid metabolism ( 10 – 13 ) . Extra dietary l -carnitine has shown to improve, to a certain degree, the professional sport performances ( 14 ) and has improved exercise endurance in rats exposed to short and long-term exercise ( 15 , 16 ) . However, little is known about the effects of dietary l -carnitine supplements on the energy metabolism of exercised fish.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise onl-carnitine and lipid metabolism in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed different dietaryl-carnitine and lipid levels

Ozório

Ginneken

Bessa³

et al. 2009

Br J Nutr

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African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were fed four isonitrogenous diets (34 % crude protein), each containing one of two lipid (100 or 180 g/kg) and two L-carnitine (15 or 1000 mg/kg) levels. After 81 d of feeding, thirty-two fish (body weight 32 g) from each dietary group were randomly selected, sixteen fish were induced to a 3-h swim (speed of 1·5 body length (BL)/s), while the other sixteen fish were kept under resting condition. Fish fed 1000 mg L-carnitine accumulated 3·5 and 5 times more L-carnitine in plasma and muscle, respectively, than fish fed the 15 mg L-carnitine. Muscle L-carnitine content was significantly lower in exercised fish than in rested fish. High dietary lipid level (fish oil) led to an increase in muscle n-3 PUFA content and a decrease in SFA and MUFA content. In liver, the increase in dietary lipid level resulted in an increased levels of both n-6 and n-3 PUFA. L-carnitine supplementation significantly decreased n-3 PUFA content. Exercise decreased n-3 PUFA in both muscle and liver. Plasma lactate and lactate dehydrogenase, normally associated with increased glycolytic processes, were positively correlated with exercise and inversely correlated with dietary L-carnitine level. L-carnitine supplementation reduced significantly the RQ from 0·72 to 0·63, and an interaction between dietary L-carnitine and lipid was observed (P, 0·03). Our results indicate that an increase in fatty acids (FA) intake may promote FA oxidation, and both carnitine and exercise might influence the regulation of FA oxidation selectivity.African catfish: L-carnitine metabolism: Lipid metabolism: Exercise Fish are subjected to many changes in energy demand throughout their lifespan. As the lipid content of their diet increases so does the optimal dietary level of L-carnitine (1 -3) , a multi-physiological, bioactive additive compound, synthesised from two essential amino acids, protein-bound lysine and methionine. It is not entirely understood whether animals require exogenous L-carnitine, and over the past 20 years, the scientific discussion regarding this subject continued with ambiguous arguments.L-Carnitine plays several important physiological roles like shuttling the long-chain fatty acid (FA) across the inner mitochondrial membrane for ATP production (4,5) and inhibition of superoxide radical formation (6) . According to Heo et al. (2,7) , L-carnitine biosynthesis might be sufficient to maintain growth of 20-kg pigs during optimum husbandry conditions. Nevertheless, extra dietary L-carnitine is efficiently retained in body tissues, playing a role in nutrient utilisation and thus on growth performance and body composition. The rate of lipid oxidation is determined by the energy requirements of working muscles and by the availability of free L-carnitine delivery to muscle mitochondria (8,9) .Since exogenous L-carnitine may influence energy utilisation efficiency, several studies using birds and mammals as animal models tested the effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on the exercise performance and on l...

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Effect of l-Carnitine Supplementation on Endurance Exercise in Normobaric/Normoxic and Hypobaric/Hypoxic Conditions

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Protective effect of L-carnitine in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity

Protective effect of L-carnitine in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity

Enzymology of the carnitine biosynthesis pathway

Effects of exercise onl-carnitine and lipid metabolism in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed different dietaryl-carnitine and lipid levels

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