Effect of Langmuir cells on bubble dissolution and air‐sea gas exchange

Chiba, David; Baschek, Burkard

doi:10.1029/2010jc006203

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In S09 and N11, the wind speed dependence of bubble‐mediated gas flux is assumed the same as for whitecap coverage, i.e., proportional to

u_{10}^{3}

. However, recent studies [ McNeil and D'Asaro , ; Chiba and Baschek , ; Liang et al , ] show that the wind speed dependence of bubble‐mediated gas flux is between

u_{10}^{5}

and

u_{10}^{6}

because both bubble injection and bubble penetration is a function of u 10 .…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Parameterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterizing bubble‐mediated air‐sea gas exchange and its effect on ocean ventilation

Liang

Deutsch

McWilliams

et al. 2013

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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[1] Bubbles play an important role in the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and ocean, altering both the rate of exchange and the equilibrium gas saturation state. We develop a parameterization of bubble-mediated gas fluxes for use in Earth system models. The parameterization is derived from a mechanistic model of the oceanic boundary layer that simulates turbulent flows and the size spectrum of bubbles across a range of wind speeds and is compared against other published formulations. Bubble-induced surface supersaturation increases rapidly with wind speed and is inversely related to temperature at a given wind speed, making the effect of bubbles greatest in regions that ventilate the deep ocean. The bubble-induced supersaturation in high-latitude surface waters compensates a substantial fraction of the undersaturation caused by surface cooling. Using a global ocean transport model, we show that this parameterization reproduces observed saturation rate profiles of the noble gas Argon in the deep Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The abyssal argon supersaturation caused by bubbles varies according to gas solubility, ranging from 0.7% for soluble gases like CO 2 to 1.7% for less soluble gases such as N 2 . Bubble-induced supersaturation may be significant for biologically active gases such as oxygen.Citation: Liang, J.-H., C. Deutsch, J. C. McWilliams, B. Baschek, P. P. Sullivan, and D. Chiba (2013), Parameterizing bubble-mediated air-sea gas exchange and its effect on ocean ventilation, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 27,[894][895][896][897][898][899][900][901][902][903][904][905]

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“…In S09 and N11, the wind speed dependence of bubble‐mediated gas flux is assumed the same as for whitecap coverage, i.e., proportional to

u_{10}^{3}

. However, recent studies [ McNeil and D'Asaro , ; Chiba and Baschek , ; Liang et al , ] show that the wind speed dependence of bubble‐mediated gas flux is between

u_{10}^{5}

and

u_{10}^{6}

because both bubble injection and bubble penetration is a function of u 10 .…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Parameterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterizing bubble‐mediated air‐sea gas exchange and its effect on ocean ventilation

Liang

Deutsch

McWilliams

et al. 2013

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Self Cite

122

210

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“…Bubbles injected by breaking waves play an important role in air‐sea interaction. It has been observed and conjectured that bubbles injected by breaking waves greatly enhance dissolved gas concentration and air‐sea gas transfer rate [e.g., Farmer et al , 1993; Chiba and Baschek , 2010]. In this section, the evolution of bubbles and dissolved gases after an individual wave breaking event in an otherwise resting channel is modeled and studied.…”

Section: Bubbles and Dissolved Gases After A Single Breaking Wavementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling bubbles and dissolved gases in the ocean

et al. 2011

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[1] We report on the development of a bubble concentration model and a dissolved gas concentration model for the oceanic boundary layer. The bubble model solves a set of concentration equations for multiple gases in bubbles of different sizes, and the dissolved gas concentration model simulates the evolution of dissolved gases and dissolved inorganic carbon. The models include the effects of advection, diffusion, bubble buoyant rising, bubble size changes, gas exchange between bubbles and ambient water, and chemical reactions associated with the dissolution of CO 2 . The formulation consistency and the numerical accuracy are shown by the good agreement with a model describing individual bubble behavior in a test simulating the evolution of a bubble cloud released in the water. To study the bubble and dissolved gas evolution after a single wave-breaking event, the models are coupled with a fluid dynamical Direct Numerical Simulation model with spatially and temporally distributed momentum and bubble injection for a typical breaking wave. The modeled bubble size spectrum compares well with laboratory measurements. The breaker-induced vortex not only advects the bubble-induced dissolved gas anomalies downstream but also entrains the surface diffusion layer to greater depth. Due to the hydrostatic pressure and surface tension exerted on bubbles, gases inside bubbles are able to dissolve in slightly supersaturated water. When the water is highly supersaturated, bubbles add to the venting of dissolved gases.

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“…N 2 and O 2 build up in lake waters due to dissolution of air bubbles forced by breaking wind waves, Langmuir currents, and rain drop impacts (Chiba and Baschek 2010;Liang et al 2011), and the concentration (supersaturation) of these gases is positively related to wind speed (Nakayama et al 2002). At high wind speeds ([15 m s -1 ) the airwater gas exchange is predominantly via bubbles (Chiba and Baschek 2010). Coastal lakes on the Polish Baltic coast reveal very high vulnerability to wind mixing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, the N 2 and O 2 can invade ascending gas bubbles in a lake water column due to exchange between CH 4 /CO 2 and N 2 /O 2 dissolved in the column (Leifer and Patro 2002;McGinnis et al 2006;Ostrovsky et al 2008;Yamamoto et al 2009;Del Sontro et al 2010;McGinnis et al 2011). N 2 and O 2 build up in lake waters due to dissolution of air bubbles forced by breaking wind waves, Langmuir currents, and rain drop impacts (Chiba and Baschek 2010;Liang et al 2011), and the concentration (supersaturation) of these gases is positively related to wind speed (Nakayama et al 2002). At high wind speeds ([15 m s -1 ) the airwater gas exchange is predominantly via bubbles (Chiba and Baschek 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A rough estimation of the depth of bubble entrainment by wind waves in the distal (eastern) parts Whiticar (1999). AM acetoclastic methanogenesis, HM hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis of the lakes studied, according to the formula by Chiba and Baschek (2010), showed that during strong winds the bubbles could be drawn to c.a. 40 cm below the water surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Processes affecting molecular and stable isotope compositions of sediment gas in estuarine waters along the southern Baltic coast (Poland)

et al. 2016

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This paper investigates the molecular and stable isotope compositions of sediment gases from seven coastal lakes along the southern Baltic coast in Poland. The aim is to extend the knowledge of the genesis and distribution of microbial gases in the zone of mixing of fresh and salt waters with special attention to the effect of salinity, climate-related seasonality, and vertical sediment mixing. We found differences in the compositions of gas between the studied lakes and within each lake. These differences are mainly controlled by lake water depth and the presence of macrophytes. Due to the dissolution of rising bubbles in highly oxygenated water, the concentrations of CH 4 and CO 2 show up to 67% decline along the water column in favor of N 2 and O 2 . On the other hand, in vegetated parts of the lakes, the CH 4 is depleted in favor of CO 2 , and the residual CH 4 and CO 2 are enriched in 13 C. Despite the fact that the coastal lakes display highly oxidizing conditions in the water column and that the bottom sediments are mixed by wind waves the CH 4 reveals rather low oxidation. On the basis of the CH 4 /N 2 ratio we established that there are differences in the intensity of ebullition throughout the lakes. Higher intensities of ebullition were found in shallower parts of the lakes. Salinity has no effect on the stable C and H isotope composition of sediment gas. It seems, however, that salinity affects the molecular composition of hydrocarbons via preferential oxidation of CH 4 under higher salinity conditions.

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Effect of Langmuir cells on bubble dissolution and air‐sea gas exchange

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Parameterizing bubble‐mediated air‐sea gas exchange and its effect on ocean ventilation

Parameterizing bubble‐mediated air‐sea gas exchange and its effect on ocean ventilation

Modeling bubbles and dissolved gases in the ocean

Processes affecting molecular and stable isotope compositions of sediment gas in estuarine waters along the southern Baltic coast (Poland)

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