Effect of Larval Density on Pupation of Tribolium freemani HINTON (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae)

Nakakita, Hiroshi

doi:10.1303/aez.17.269

Cited by 46 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Delay in development and inhibition of metamorphosis are well known in many crowded tenebrionid beetles (Cotton and St. George 1929;Tschinkel and Willson 1971;Nakakita 1982Nakakita , 1990Connat et al 1984Connat et al , 1991Weaver and McFarlane 1990;Kotaki et al 1993;Hirashima et al 1995;Quennedey et al 1995). In Tribolium larvae forced crowding induces stress, which modifies the timing of JH and ecdysteroid secretion (Hirashima et al 1995).…”

Section: Developmental and Hormonal Disturbances Induced By Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the wing discs of Zophobas atratus under natural and experimental conditions: occurrence of a gradual larval-pupal commitment in the epidermis of tenebrionid beetles

Quennedey

1999

Cell and Tissue Research

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Using light and electron microscopy, we studied the development of the wing discs in the large beetle Zophobas atratus, under natural and experimental conditions. A reversible differentiation of the wing discs is usually observed during supernumerary instars of crowded larvae. Juvenile hormone analog (JHA) application during the wandering period or compelled experimental crowding during the larval-pupal switchover - or commitment - inhibits the onset of metamorphosis. Isolation, followed by recrowding, also induces the disc cells to secrete unusual cuticular material. Recrowding is able to trigger the reversal of metamorphosis during the 4-day period when larval-pupal commitment is taking place. Likewise, feeding behaviour which normally stops at commitment often recovers. Ecdysis of intermediate instar animals (prothetelic larvae) corroborates the occurrence of a temporal and spatial variation to commitment, unique to each organ. All these data lead us to consider this 4-day period, which we have called the C period or commitment period, extending from the wandering stage (the previous T period) to the crooked posture stage (i.e. from eyestage 4 to 7) as the physiological time during which the larval organs are gradually committed to differentiate into pupal organs.

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Section: Developmental and Hormonal Disturbances Induced By Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the wing discs of Zophobas atratus under natural and experimental conditions: occurrence of a gradual larval-pupal commitment in the epidermis of tenebrionid beetles

Quennedey

1999

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…The authors have focused on the effect of stress, including crowding, on OA content and larval growth of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Hirashima et al, 1992b. T. castaneum is a wellknown cosmopolitan and experimental storedproduct insect, whereas Tribolium freemani (Hinton) is a potential pest in stored products (Nakakita, 1982). Although these insects belong to the same genus and both are stored-product pests, they respond to larval population density differently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these insects belong to the same genus and both are stored-product pests, they respond to larval population density differently. Under crowded conditions, the last instar T. freemani larvae fail to pupate and instead enter a series of stationary molts that may continue for more than 6 months (Nakakita, 1982). However, optical stress (light [i.e., continuous illumination]) on larvae accelerated pupation of T. freemani (Hirashima et al, 1995a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamorphosis of the red flour beetle,Tribolium freemani Hinton (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Alteration of octopamine content modulates activity of juvenile-hormone esterase, ecdysteroid level, and pupation

Hirashima

Hirokado

Tojikubo

et al. 1998

Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.

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Under crowded conditions, Tribolium freemani larvae exhibited a delay in the increase of octopamine (OA) content, activity of juvenile‐hormone esterase (JHE), and ecdysteroid content, leading to a delay in pupation compared to the larvae under isolated conditions. Under crowded conditions, a peak OA content appeared at days 2–4, followed by a peak of JHE activity at day 7, the second OA peak at day 9, and an ecdysteroid peak at day 11 of the instar. Optical stress, on the other hand, caused an increase in OA and ecdysteroid contents, leading to an acceleration of pupation compared to controls. Whole‐body OA content reached its maximum 3 days before pupation and the ecdysteroid level 2 days later in larvae isolated, crowded, or optically stressed. The OA content, JHE activity, and ecdysteroid level showed a similar pattern after pupation till adult emergence both in crowded and uncrowded animals: peaks of OA content and JHE activity were observed at pupation, followed by the highest peak of ecdysone 4 days later (2 days before emergence). The ecdysteroid levels were higher in the crowded larvae reared under 24 h light conditions or treated with OA agonists than those in control larvae kept in the dark. Hence, isolation and optical stress increase OA content followed by JHE activity and ecdysteroid titer, leading to changes in metamorphosis program. Some OA agonists actually had the same effect as isolation and optical stress did, suggesting that OA is a causative agent in pupation programming of T. Freemani by inducing an increase in JHE activity, thus decreasing JH titer followed by an increase in ecdysteroid level and delayed pupation. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 37:34–46, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…The results of Wade (1976Wade ( , 1977Wade ( , 1979 and McCauley and Wade (1980) have suggested a negative correlation between DGE and IGE for population GRs in flour beetles. In addition, crowding has been shown to inhibit pupation in several species of beetles, including Tribolium (Mertz and Robertson 1970;Tschinkel and Willson 1971;Nakakita 1982). A facultative delay in pupation is particularly common in tenebrionid beetles, in which prepupae, pupae, and teneral adults are cannibalized by more slowly developing larvae (Tschinkel and Willson 1971;Archer and Elgar 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect genetic effects in life-history traits of flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum)

et al. 2016

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Indirect genetic effects (IGEs) are the basis of social interactions among conspecifics, and can affect genetic variation of nonsocial and social traits. We used flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) of two phenotypically distinguishable populations to estimate genetic (co)variances and the effect of IGEs on three life-history traits: development time (DT), growth rate (GR), and pupal body mass (BM). We found that GR was strongly affected by social environment with IGEs accounting for 18% of the heritable variation. We also discovered a sex-specific social effect: male ratio in a group significantly affected both GR and BM; that is, beetles grew larger and faster in male-biased social environments. Such sex-specific IGEs have not previously been demonstrated in a nonsocial insect. Our results show that beetles that achieve a higher BM do so via a slower GR in response to social environment. Existing models of evolution in age-structured or stage-structured populations do not account for IGEs of social cohorts. It is likely that such IGEs have played a key role in the evolution of developmental plasticity shown by Tenebrionid larvae in response to density. Our results document an important source of genetic variation for GR, often overlooked in life-history theory.

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Effect of Larval Density on Pupation of Tribolium freemani HINTON (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae)

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

Development of the wing discs of Zophobas atratus under natural and experimental conditions: occurrence of a gradual larval-pupal commitment in the epidermis of tenebrionid beetles

Development of the wing discs of Zophobas atratus under natural and experimental conditions: occurrence of a gradual larval-pupal commitment in the epidermis of tenebrionid beetles

Metamorphosis of the red flour beetle,Tribolium freemani Hinton (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Alteration of octopamine content modulates activity of juvenile-hormone esterase, ecdysteroid level, and pupation

Direct and indirect genetic effects in life-history traits of flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum)

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