Effect of larval diets on the survival and development of larvae in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Huebner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Casimero, Vic; Tsukuda, Ritsuko; Nakasuji, Fusao; Fujisaki, Kenji

doi:10.1303/aez.2000.69

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Therefore, on P. nigra, the longer developmental period for larvae hatching in July would be caused by the increase in the seven-instar type. A similar tendency was observed for Helicoverpa armigera (Casimero et al, 2000), in which the number of larval instars increased with diets that resulted in the larval periods being extended.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The effects of host plants on the life-history traits, including the larval instar numbers, have been proved for some insects (Gara and Wood, 1989;Ikeda-Kikue and Numata, 1992;Hunter and McNeil, 1997;Casimero et al, 2000). In H. cunea, the life-history traits were investigated using only host plants in the bivoltine population during the early stage of invasion Masaki et al, 1968) and with an artificial diet only in the present bivoltine and trivoltine populations (Gomi and Takeda, 1996;Gomi, 1997;Gomi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of diet on life-history traits in a trivoltine Kobe population of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Gomi

Hirochika

Nagasaka

et al. 2005

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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The effects of diet on life-history traits were compared among individual webworms reared on an artificial diet or the leaves of two host plants in a trivoltine population of Hyphantria cunea collected in Kobe, Japan. The lower threshold temperature for development and the thermal constant among one generation did not differ largely according to the diets. There were two variations in the larval instar numbers, those being the six-or seven-instar type. The incidence of the seven-instar type fed the artificial diet was significantly lower than those fed on the host plants. The pupal weight for the six-instar type was significantly heavier for those fed the artificial diet than those fed on the host plants. Seasonal host plant effects were detected in some developmental traits. The critical photoperiods for diapause induction at 20 and 25°C were similar between the host plants, and were shorter with the artificial diet than with the host plants. The present results suggest that the data for the artificial diet need not be modified in the parameters for the developmental rate, but that the critical photoperiod for diapause induction needs to be slightly lengthened when the data are applied to field insects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diet on life-history traits in a trivoltine Kobe population of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Gomi

Hirochika

Nagasaka

et al. 2005

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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“…These subsequent generations immigrate to other areas and can eventually consume plants other than cotton (Casimero et al 2000). Direct effects can be expected as summarized in Table 2, where on average, the presence of Brazilian free-tailed bats reduces the need for one spray in conventional cotton and for two sprays in Bt cotton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian Free‐tailed Bats as Insect Pest Regulators in Transgenic and Conventional Cotton Crops

Federico

Hallam

McCracken

et al. 2008

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. During the past 12 000 years agricultural systems have transitioned from natural habitats to conventional agricultural regions and recently to large areas of genetically engineered (GE) croplands. This GE revolution occurred for cotton in a span of slightly more than a decade during which a switch occurred in major cotton production areas from growing 100% conventional cotton to an environment in which 95% transgenics are grown. Ecological interactions between GE targeted insects and other insectivorous insects have been investigated. However, the relationships between ecological functions (such as herbivory and ecosystem transport) and agronomic benefits of avian or mammalian insectivores in the transgenic environment generally remain unclear, although the importance of some agricultural pest management services provided by insectivorous species such as the Brazilian free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, have been recognized.We developed a dynamic model to predict regional-scale ecological functions in agricultural food webs by using the indicators of insect pest herbivory measured by cotton boll damage and insect emigration from cotton. In the south-central Texas Winter Garden agricultural region we find that the process of insectivory by bats has a considerable impact on both the ecology and valuation of harvest in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic and nontransgenic cotton crops. Predation on agricultural pests by insectivorous bats may enhance the economic value of agricultural systems by reducing the frequency of required spraying and delaying the ultimate need for new pesticides. In the Winter Garden region, the presence of large numbers of insectivorous bats yields a regional summer dispersion of adult pest insects from Bt cotton that is considerably reduced from the moth emigration when bats are absent in either transgenic or non-transgenic crops. This regional decrease of pest numbers impacts insect herbivory on a transcontinental scale. With a few exceptions, we find that the agronomics of both Bt and conventional cotton production is more profitable when large numbers of insectivorous bats are present.

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“…While gender may predispose a larva to have an extra instar to enable females to achieve a high degree of sexual size dimorphism (Esperk & Tammaru, 2006;Esperk et al, 2007b), environmental conditions associated with extra instars are usually adverse ones causing lower growth rates and smaller individuals. Manipulating an environmental condition for the worse often causes an increase in the proportion of larvae exhibiting a higher number of instars (Morita & Tojo, 1985;Casimero et al, 2000;Jensen & Cameron, 2004;Gould et al, 2005), suggesting that individuals are genetically capable of exhibiting either phenotype. Therefore it is likely that in most cases having extra instars fits the compensation hypothesis, in which an extra instar enables a slow-growing individual to continue growing for longer and pupate at a normal weight (Esperk et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nijhout (1975) used starvation experiments to demonstrate that Manduca sexta (L.), which in laboratory populations almost always has five instars (Kingsolver, 2007), has a threshold weight for pupation below which another larval moult will occur instead of pupation. The ability to add instars may allow a minimum pupal size to be reached in varying environmental conditions (Etile & Despland, 2008) or under varying growth rates associated with a wide host plant range (Casimero et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development in a lepidopteran with variable instar number, Pseudocoremia suavis (Geometridae), under standard rearing conditions and when parasitised by Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Barraclough¹,

Burgess²,

Kean³

et al. 2014

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Growth and development in a lepidopteran with variable instar number,Abstract. Though extra instars are often associated with poor conditions and thought to be a compensation for a low growth rate, the reasons why they are necessary, and for variable instar number existing under standard rearing conditions, are not yet clear. In standard rearing conditions, approximately half of Pseudocoremia suavis larvae had five instars (Type I larvae), and half six instars (Type II larvae). Type II larvae took longer to pupate and reached higher pupal weights than Type I larvae. The extra instar was not related to sexual size dimorphism; Type II larvae were not more likely to be females. Females of both Types pupated later than males and had higher pupal weights; this weight gain was achieved wholly via an extended final instar. Relative growth rates (RGR), instar durations and larval weights on weigh days were otherwise the same for both sexes. For most of the larval period, Type II larvae had lower RGR and lower weights than Type I larvae. They also had shorter 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th instars than Type I larvae, and the estimated weights at each moult were significantly lower. The Types are discussed in terms of being, in species with weight thresholds for pupation, not optional "strategies" involving different critical weight ratios for larval moults, but as an inevitable consequence of physiological timing constraints upon reaching the critical weights for larval moults causing large variation in size after the moult. Small larvae may then need an extra instar to reach pupation. When parasitised in the second instar by Meteorus pulchricornis, P. suavis larvae produced parasitoids in either their fourth (4 th instar emerging (IE)) or fifth instar (5 th IE). The estimated moulting weights at each instar of 4 th IE and 5 th IE hosts were very similar to those of Type I and Type II unparasitised larvae respectively, which, together with similarity of instar duration patterns, is strongly suggestive of Types being present within parasitised larvae. The proportion of 5 th IE hosts in the much slowergrowing parasitised treatment was greater than the proportion of Type II larvae in the unparasitised treatment, as might be expected if Type II is associated with lower RGR. The lack of further Types appearing is consistent with extra instars being a compensation for small weight after the moult rather than low RGR per se.

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Effect of larval diets on the survival and development of larvae in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Huebner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of diet on life-history traits in a trivoltine Kobe population of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Effects of diet on life-history traits in a trivoltine Kobe population of Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Brazilian Free‐tailed Bats as Insect Pest Regulators in Transgenic and Conventional Cotton Crops

Growth and development in a lepidopteran with variable instar number, Pseudocoremia suavis (Geometridae), under standard rearing conditions and when parasitised by Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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