Effect of laser cladding speed on microstructure and properties of titanium alloy coating on low carbon steel

Gao, Wei; Wang, Shicheng; Hu, Kang-kai; Jiang, Xuzhou; Yu, Hongying; Sun, Dong

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.129029

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…While the powder feeding speed is over 23.87 g/min, the cladding track cross-section area tends to be stable because the effective powder melting amount reaches the threshold. Cladding efficiency ηc is defined as the effective cladding volume of Co-based alloy powder per unit time [24], which is expressed as Equation (1). Comparing Figure 5a-c, it can be found that the laser power is the most influential parameter on the cladding efficiency.…”

Section: Optimal Process Windowmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Laser cladding is a green advanced surface modification technology that utilizes a high-energy-density laser beam to rapidly melt and solidify the cladding powder and substrate, forming a metallurgical bonding [1][2][3]. It is widely used in mining machinery [4], aerospace [5,6], railway [7,8], and other industrial fields because of its advantages such as small heat-affected zone, low dilution rate, and fast processing speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Objective Process Optimization of Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy by Process Window and Grey Relational Analysis

Yue

Guo

et al. 2023

Coatings

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To determine the optimal process parameters for the preparation of a Co-based alloy cladding layer, the experimental research of laser cladding Co-based alloy was carried out based on the optimal process window and grey relational analysis methods with 42CrMo as the substrate. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to explore the influence laws of laser process parameters on the forming characteristics of the cladding layer within the optimal process window range. Furthermore, the optimal process parameter combination was obtained by grey relational analysis, and the experimental verification of the optimization results was conducted. It was found that the process parameter interval determined by the optimal process window was laser power 1300–2100 W, scanning speed 6–14 mm/s, and powder feeding rate 17.90–29.84 g/min. The influence order of each process parameter was: laser power > scanning speed > powder feeding rate. The optimal process parameters of laser power 2100 W, scanning speed 6 mm/s, and powder feeding rate 17.90 g/min were obtained. The experimental verification results of optimal process parameters proved that the grey correlation grade of the optimized parameters was improved by 0.260 compared with the initial parameters and agreed well with the prediction value with an accuracy of 96%. After optimization, the cross-sectional area, the ratio of the width to height, cladding efficiency, and powder utilization rate of the cladding track increased by 4.065 mm2, 1.031, 19.032, and 70.3%, respectively, and the fluctuation ratio decreased by 60.9%. The optimal cladding track was well bonded to the substrate without cracks, holes, and evident element segregation, and included the phases of Cr3C7, CoCx, fcc-Co, and WC.

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Section: Optimal Process Windowmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Process Optimization of Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy by Process Window and Grey Relational Analysis

Yue

Guo

et al. 2023

Coatings

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“…Many studies primarily aim to improve the surface characteristics of titanium alloys to reduce wear and friction. 6,7 Several methods have been used to improve the surface characteristics of titanium and its alloys, including laser cladding, 8 plasma spraying, 9 high-velocity oxygen fuel, 10 carburising, 11 chemical vapour deposition, 12 physical vapour deposition, 13 ion implantation, 14 plasma transferred arc cladding, 15 and nitriding. 16 Few surface engineering techniques improve surface properties while leaving bulk properties relatively unchanged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dilution on the microstructure and high-temperature wear resistance of self-lubricating nickel alloy claddings

Gudala,

Rokkala,

Rao Medabalimi

et al. 2024

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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In this study, the impact of substrate dilution on the microstructure and tribological properties of tungsten inert gas (TIG)-deposited self-lubricating claddings was investigated. The dilution of Ti content on cladding increased as the TIG current increased, and the microhardness of the cladding decreased. The content of intermetallic phases such as TiNi and TiC increased with the increase in TIG current. The tribological studies revealed that coating dilution at higher TIG currents has prominent effects on wear behaviour at elevated temperatures. In both clads, the percentage decrease in hardness from higher TIG current to lower TIG current was noted as 31%. The higher dilution of Ti content in the cladding was found to be beneficial in tribological studies performed, especially at higher temperatures (≥400). Also, solid lubricants such as MoS2 and BaF2 encapsulation in the nickel alloy were found to be beneficial at both low and high temperatures.

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“…Zhang et al [9] showed that an increase in laser power increases the grain size of the coating, and decreases the density. Gao et al [10] investigated the effect of changes in the scanning speed on corrosion resistance. Their results indicate that an increase in the scanning speed leads to a thinner coating thickness, resulting in surface cracks, and decreased corrosion resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Stress Analysis of Laser Cladded Commercially Pure Grade Titanium Alloy Plates

Lawrence Ngake,

Vuyolwethu Mjali

2024

Titanium-Based Alloys - Characteristics and Applications

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of laser power on the microstructure, hardness, and residual stresses of laser-cladded titanium alloy. Laser powers of 600, 800, and 1000 W were varied while keeping other processing parameters constant. Microhardness and microstructure measurements were conducted using a Vickers microhardness tester and an optical microscope, respectively. Residual stresses were determined using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results obtained revealed a non-linear relationship between microhardness and increasing laser power. Microstructural analysis indicated a transformation from all α grains to α′ martensite in the cladded zone, observed across all laser powers. Residual stress measurements showed a consistent tensile trend, decreasing with increasing laser power. The issue of increasing tensile residual stress can be mitigated by adjusting the laser power with minimal impact on the microstructure. These findings highlight the significant influence of processing parameters on surface properties, suggesting the potential for optimizing laser cladding parameters to enhance material corrosion and abrasion resistance properties.

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Effect of laser cladding speed on microstructure and properties of titanium alloy coating on low carbon steel

Cited by 29 publications

References 45 publications

Multi-Objective Process Optimization of Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy by Process Window and Grey Relational Analysis

Multi-Objective Process Optimization of Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy by Process Window and Grey Relational Analysis

Effect of dilution on the microstructure and high-temperature wear resistance of self-lubricating nickel alloy claddings

Residual Stress Analysis of Laser Cladded Commercially Pure Grade Titanium Alloy Plates

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